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Risks or Conditions Leading to Social Crises

(1) Feeling of Hopelessness: There is a risk that those affected
may feel trapped and believe that their problems are being ignored.

Additionally, the pressure from government agencies on those affected
can further exacerbate this sense of hopelessness. In the case of Pak Mun

Dam, those affected could seek alternatives, possibly violence, to address
their grievances as they perceive that there is no other viable solution.

A similar crisis could emerge in the case of the Bang Kloi villagers as well.

(2) Strong Policy and Law Enforcement: The enforcement of

new policies and laws can disproportionately affect specific groups in
society. Policies and laws often exert pressure on marginalized groups,

potentially leading them to leave the places where they live or limit their
participation in natural resource and environmental matters. Furthermore,

such policies and laws may grant more control to central authorities,
further consolidating power.

(3) Unjust Justice Mechanisms: Inequities in justice mechanisms
are apparent in crucial government processes, including participatory

procedures, complaints, and litigation. Despite the importance of
participatory processes, measures intended to address environmental

issues at their source with meaningful participation in decision-making,
both in content and process, remain elusive with the Environmental