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previously held positions in political parties. In the case people

          used to be in such a position, they must have left the position for
          more than 5 years from the date of application or the date of the
          nomination, aiming to allow the Senate to act independently and

          not affect the performance of their duties, both legislatively and
          administratively. The appointment and impeachment of persons as

          provided by law and others as authorized by the constitution makes
          Thailand’s democratic development take a step back because the
          senators should be entirely elected, resulting from promoting political

          participation of the people according to democratic principles.

                   For the Senate according to the Constitution of the Kingdom
          of Thailand B.E. 2560 [2017], it was found that the roles and duties

          of the senators have both individual duties and duties that must
          be used together with the House of Representatives as follows:


                   1) Representation of the Thai people by senators is not
          subject to any kind of mandates or dominances and duties must

          be performed honestly in the public interest of the nation and the
          well-being of the people without conflicts of interests (Section 114).


                   2) The constitutional power to attend the National Assembly
          requires that in a year there will be two ordinary sessions of the
          National Assembly with a time limit of 120 days, but the King

          may extend the time (Section 121, second paragraph). However,
          the members of the House of Representatives and the senators

          combined, or members of the House of Representatives, which



        42   บทบาทอำานาจหน้าที่ของวุฒิสภาในระบบสภาคู่กับประสิทธิผลในการเสริมสร้างเสถียรภาพทางการเมืองและการพัฒนาประชาธิปไตยไทย
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