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explained that the Constitution of Japan [1946] was intended to

designate the Senate as the Second House to play a role in
protesting and examining the state administration and the House
of Representatives in the legal scrutiny dimension and examining

the balance of the management efficiently, including requiring
elected senators to justify decisions according to the ideas and

concepts of democracy.

1.3 United States of America

The United States Senate, also known as Upper House,
is one of the Houses of the United States Congress, along with

the House of Representatives. All elected senators have the same
power to examine and legislate as the House of Representatives and

have the power to ratify the bills signed by the President relying on
two-thirds of the senators’ votes. If the bill has not been ratified by
the Senate, it will not be passed. Each established committee also

has the right to appoint ambassadors and a judge of the Supreme
Court. The President of the Senate plays an important role in

appointing senators to the U.S. Senate Committee with the power
to consider and take legal action to certify or appoint government
officials, including regulating state entities and members of the

Federal Council of Ministries nominated by the President, which
must be endorsed by the Senate. The President of the Senate is not

very powerful and often fails to act, frequently complying with the
tradition of the “Interim Senate President”, elected by the senators,

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