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and serves as the President of the Senate when the Vice President

is absent. The interim Senate President is usually elected by the
senators from the majority-dominating party in the Upper House.
Therefore, it can be seen that there is clear leverage between

the government and the Senate.

1.4 The Philippines

Congress is a user of the legislative power. The structure

of the parliamentary system is a bicameralism consisting of the
Senate and the House of Representatives. The elected senators
have the primary duty to legislate, and all bills must be considered

by both the House of Representatives and the Senate, who control
and monitor the operation of the administration team. This leads the

Congress to see the management’s drawbacks and weaknesses.
Those data were introduced to enact new laws or improve existing
laws. Moreover, Congress is the center of power when the country

is at war and performs other duties, and the Senate is the authority
to review and judge the removal of senior officeholders with

impeachment in a meeting, a process by which the House of
Representatives or the Senate sues and investigates the senior
officeholders who commit an offense or perform duties improperly

to impeach the offender from their position and prevent damage
which may occur to the nation or the people.

38 บทบาทอำานาจหน้าที่ของวุฒิสภาในระบบสภาคู่กับประสิทธิผลในการเสริมสร้างเสถียรภาพทางการเมืองและการพัฒนาประชาธิปไตยไทย