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50(9)), and not participating in or supporting all forms of dishonest act and wrongful conduct

(Section 50(10)).
(3) No provision of civic duties regarding respect to the principle of equality; only

respect to individuals’ rights by the State and State agency is imposed.

In addition, the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2560 (A.D. 2017)
imposes various rights and liberties which facilitate citizenship; for example, liberty to

assemble peacefully and without arms, liberty to unite and form and political party under

the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State, and right to access any
public data or information in the possession of a State Agency, etc.

1.2 Forms of formulating the fundamental citizenship linked to rights and

liberties in Thailand and other countries
From studying the forms of formulating the fundamental citizenship linked to

rights and liberties in Thailand and other countries, certain interesting issues should be

noted as follows:
(1) The background and history of each country were the significant factors

making the formulation of fundamental citizenship linked to rights and liberties successful.

This could be seen in Germany and Japan that have confronted the painful lesson in the
Second World War or in the United States of America where citizens have had attentiveness

after its declaration of independence from the Great Britain. As a result, many countries and

organizations in these countries have prioritized the ways of educating their citizens to
recognize the democratic politics and human rights while those citizens have also

recognized the importance of citizenship in the country. In Thailand, the background of

citizenship building came from the State that has formulated the “civic duties” curriculum
with an aim to root an idea that Thai people “must” perform these civic duties. However,

the performance of civic duties has not come from any awareness or consciousness of Thai

people; therefore, Thailand’s citizenship building has never been successful.
(2) Germany has been recognized as a country prioritizing the civic education.

The outstanding issue was that citizenship has been defined as a core mission of the society

as imposed in its Basic Law. It is deemed as a duty of the State and the civic sector. The
State must subsidize and play the important role in this matter by enacting both national

and state laws on political education, and by establishing a mechanism called “Political

Education Center” with a duty of disseminating knowledge about politics and government