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Asia countries, or concerns about the management of natural resources and environment in

Norway, etc.
1.3 Models of performing civic duties making the claim for rights and liberties

meaningful

The models of performing civic duties which encourage the citizens to claim for their
rights and liberties meaningfully in Thailand were synthesized with the issues to be

considered as described below.

(1) National and local systems and mechanisms
(1.1) National level

1) Political and governmental institutions. The mechanisms in this

group include the parliament and cabinet, etc. with a duty of responding to needs of
members in the society under social rules and regulations under any educational forms or

actions to promote democracy on the basis of public interest or on the activities which

encourage the democratic values.
2) Political parties. The political parties play an important role in

compiling various problems and needs in a society before interpreting them to be the public

policy. The policy presented to the public in the election campaign will be implemented
when these political parties become the government. The political party deems an entity

presenting the problems and advertising their ideas and problem-solving methods for the

country in order to educate the general people about the problems that take effect to their
living.

3) Government authorities. The government entities, either central

government, regional or local authorities, state enterprises, or public organizations are
important for providing education to promote citizenship in the democratic regime or to

build the democratic culture in each workplace. The important government authorities

involving in building citizenship include the Election Commission, and the Office of the
Election Commission of Thailand, King Prajadhipok’s Institute, etc.

4) Private business organizations. This group plays a role in building

the democratic culture in the workplace, and in implementing the principle of corporate
governance in their business operation so as to enhance the citizenship characteristics,

which include the responsibility to oneself and organization, respect to other people’s