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Executive Summary

Non-traditional security threats, resulting from the borderless world and increasing
interdependence, have become a great challenge for reforming Thailand. These threats, not

in military aspect, reveal in various forms and have transnational character relevant to many

actors. Nation-states thus need to cooperate and solve problems in various aspects. This
research project “Thailand and Non-Traditional Security: Human Trafficking, Irregular Migration,

Transnational Crime, and Cyber Crime” is the further study based on Amitav Acharya’s

research “Non-Traditional Challenges: Thailand and Regional Cooperation” submitted to King
Prajadhipok’s Institute. This research project aims to deepen understanding of non-tradition

security threats covering human trafficking, irregular migration, and cybersecurity, which can

be considered transnational crime. These issues are increasingly prominent and relevant
especially to Thailand today. Each issue starts from the analyses on the status of problems,

national mechanism in Thailand, ASEAN cooperation, Thailand’s bilateral cooperation, and

best practices from other countries, as well as a conclusion and policy recommendations.
Chapter 1 Thailand and Non-Traditional Security, as an introduction, points out that

Thailand is facing non-traditional security threats in numerous forms, for instance, drugs,

natural disaster, epidemic, human trafficking, irregular migration, and cybersecurity. These
threats affect extensively from the global level to people level, for example, drug abuse

causes family problems while natural disasters negatively affect national prosperity. Thailand

is the source, transit point, and destination for various non-traditional security threats, thus
needs comprehensive policies and effective measures. Importantly, these threats tend to be

relevant to transnational crimes. As a result, Thailand enacted the Prevention and Suppression

Act of Participation in the Transnational Organized Crime, B.E. 2556 (2013). At the global level,
there is the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC).

Obviously, Thailand alone cannot solve these issues, since it must rely on international

collaboration to cope with the problems collectively. Thailand has both bilateral and
multilateral cooperation, in particular, with ASEAN members. This research studies this

dynamic and challenges in both Thailand and ASEAN.
Human trafficking is an example of transnational crime. In Chapter 2, Human

Trafficking and Thailand, the country declared the problem as a "national agenda" to deal

with the crisis that Thailand was relegated in Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report to Tier 3.
Bangkok thus established the system represented by the “5P Strategy” against human

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