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∂“∫—πæ√–ª°‡°≈â“

∑’Ë°≈à“««à“™’«‘µ·≈–º≈ß“π¢Õß®ÕÀåπ ¡‘≈≈åπà“∑÷Ëß°Á¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈ 2 ª√–°“√
§◊Õ 1. ∫‘¥“¢Õ߇¢“‰¡à‡æ’¬ß·µà‡ªìππ—°§‘¥·≈–π—°‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß

§π ”§—≠ À“°∫‘¥“¢Õ߇¢“·≈–¡‘µ√ π‘∑∑’Ë√à«¡Õÿ¥¡°“√≥å°—π ¡’∫∑∫“∑„π°“√
«“ß·ºπ°“√Õ∫√¡‡≈’ȬߥŸ®ÕÀåπ ¡‘≈≈å ∑”„Àâ®ÕÀåπ ¡‘≈≈凪ìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ≈Ÿ°™“¬
¢Õßπ—°‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«°“√‡¡◊Õß°≈ÿà¡π’È ·≈– 2. «‘∏’°“√ —Ëß Õπ‡≈’ȬߥŸ®ÕÀåπ ¡‘≈≈å

∑’Ë∫â“π ‰¡à„Àâ®ÕÀåπ‰ª‚√߇√’¬π‰¥â∑”„Àâ®ÕÀåπ¡’°“√»÷°…“Õ¬à“ߥ’‡¬’ˬ¡πà“æ‘»«ß
¡’«‘∏’§‘¥«‘∏’°“√¡Õߪí≠À“µ≈Õ¥®π§ÿ≥∏√√¡∑’ˇªìπ‰ªµ“¡·π«§‘¥¢Õߧπ°≈ÿà¡π’È

°“√»÷°…“Õ—ππà“æ‘»«ß¢Õß®ÕÀåπ ¡‘≈≈å

‡®¡ å ¡‘≈≈å‡ÀÁπ«à“ —ߧ¡Õ—ß°ƒ…π—Èπ‡≈«√⓬ (vicious) ‚ßà‡¢≈“ (ignorant)
·≈–ß¡ß“¬„π»“ π“ (conviction of all churches... false...... wicked) ‡¢“‡ÀÁπ«à“
°“√®—¥√–∫∫°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë Ÿ≠‡ª≈à“π—Èπ‡ªì𧫓¡‡≈«√⓬ ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È ‡¢“®÷߉¡à¬Õ¡

àß≈Ÿ°‡¢â“‚√߇√’¬π ‡æ√“–‰¡àµâÕß°“√„Àâ≈Ÿ°µâÕß·ª¥‡ªóôÕπ°—∫ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ¢“‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬
‡¢“‡°Á∫≈Ÿ°‰«â„π∫â“π ·≈–„Àâ°“√»÷°…“·°à≈Ÿ°¥â«¬µ—«‡Õß ‡¢“µâÕß°“√ √â“ß≈Ÿ°„À⇪ìπ
7
§πÕ’°·∫∫Àπ÷Ëß ®÷ß≈ß·√ß®—¥√–∫∫°“√»÷°…“„Àâ·°à≈Ÿ°¥â«¬µ—«‡Õß §π·∫∫
∑’Ë«à“π—Ëπ °Á§◊Õ ‡ªìπ çπ—°ªØ‘√Ÿª∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂·≈–‡Õ“°“√‡Õ“ß“π (competent
and diligent reformer)é ‡ªìπ 纟â ◊∫∑Õ¥µ—«‡¢“·≈– ‡®Õ‡√¡’Ë ‡∫π∏—¡ Õ¬à“ß¡’

§ÿ≥¿“æ (proper successor to himself and Jeremy Bentham)é ·≈–‡ªìπ
çπ—°µàÕ Ÿâ‡æ◊ËÕ≈—∑∏‘Õ—µ∂ª√–‚¬™πåπ‘¬¡ (ùutilitarianû messiah)é 8

7
Edward Alexander, On Liberty John Stuart Mill. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press,
1999, pp. 14-16 & John M. Robson, ed. John Stuart Mill: Autobiography. London: Penguin
Books, 1989 see the introduction p. 22
8
J.M. Robson, ibid., p. 4

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