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°“√ª°§√Õß√–¥—∫™“µ‘‡¢â¡·¢Áß¡“°¢÷Èπ ®π„π ¡—¬æ√–‡®â“‡ÕÁ¥‡«‘√å¥∑’Ë 1 (Edward 1,
1239-1307) ‰¥â¡’°“√ ∂“ªπ“ ∂“∫—π√—∞ ¿“ (Model Parliament) „πªï §.». 1295
Õ—π‡ªìπ·∫∫∑’Ë„™â°—π®π∂÷߬ÿ§ªí®®ÿ∫—π 4
πà“»÷°…“Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß«à“ß“π¢Õ߇¥Õ µäÕ§‡§Õ«‘≈≈å (µ’æ‘¡æå§√—Èß·√°„πªï
§.». 1835) ¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ®ÕÀåπ ¡‘≈≈å (John Stuart Mill, 1806-1873) π—°§‘¥§π
”§—≠™“«Õ—ß°ƒ…‡æ’¬ß„¥ ‡æ√“–„πªï §.». 1861 À√◊Õ 26 ªïÀ≈—ß®“°π—Èπ
®ÕÀåπ ¡‘≈≈剥⇢’¬πß“π™◊ËÕ °“√ª°§√Õß∑’Ë¡’µ—«·∑π (Representative
5
Government) „πß“π™‘Èππ’È ¡‘≈≈å查∂÷ß°“√‡¡◊Õß°“√ª°§√Õß·∫∫ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬
·≈–‰¥â„™â§”«à“°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ (Local Government) ‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√° ∑”„À⇢“
‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°¬àÕß«à“‡ªìππ—°§‘¥§π·√°∑’Ë查∂÷ߧ”π’ÈÕ¬à“߇ªìπ∑“ß°“√ ¢≥–∑’Ë
µäÕ§‡§Õ«‘≈≈å查∂÷ß°“√ª°§√Õß„π√–¥—∫∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ∑’ˇ¢â¡·¢Áß„π À√—∞œ ¡‘≈≈å°â“«
‰ª‰°≈°«à“¥â«¬°“√‡ πÕ„Àâ·∫àß°“√‡¡◊Õß°“√ª°§√ÕߢÕß·µà≈–ª√–‡∑»‡ªìπ
2 √–¥—∫ §◊Õ√–¥—∫™“µ‘·≈–√–¥—∫∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ πÕ°®“°π’È ¡‘≈≈嬗߉¥â‡ πÕ√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß
°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ °“√·∫àß¿“√°‘®¢Õß√—∞∫“≈°≈“ß·≈–Õߧå°√ª°§√Õß
à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ·≈–∫∑∫“∑¢Õߪ√–™“™π„π°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ¢âÕ‡ πÕ¢Õß¡‘≈≈å
∑”„Àâ°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ°≈“¬‡ªìπª√–‡¥Áπ ·≈–°â“«¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ ∂“∫—π∑“ß
°“√‡¡◊Õß∑’Ë ”§—≠Õ’°Õ—πÀπ÷Ëß„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“
4
The Wordsworth Dictionary of Biography. Hertfordshire: Helicon Publishing, 1994 p. 142
5
John Stuart Mill, Three Essays: On Liberty, Representative Government, the
Subjection of Women. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975
78
