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Government communication employs official language while
striving to avoid some terms. However, there were instances where

the official language itself introduced ambiguity, making it challenging for
the public to comprehend. Such statements may demand knowledge

of the context and familiarity with the use of official language.
Simultaneously, government communications also adhere to the practice

of “avoiding certain terms,” which means substituting one word for
another to convey a more positive or beneficial meaning. This practice may
lead to confusion, misunderstanding, and difficulties in comprehension

among various segments of society.

(3) Channels

Social media plays an important role as an accelerator to spread
stirring information due to advancements in digital technology and equipment.

Personal communications devices connected to the Internet allow
constant exposure to information with easy access. Stirring information

is more severe and causes significant impacts on the political process.

Communication in closed environments via chat applications

and closed groups are inaccessible by outsiders or the general public.
Various chat applications serve secretive or private groups referred to
as "Blind Space" or "Dark Space." When information enters these closed

platforms, there is often no origin or other identifying detail in the metadata.
Consequently, it becomes challenging to ascertain the origins of

misinformation and how it has been disseminated and propagated.