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               3) Collecting Service Fees from Store Members

               The e-marketplace platform collects "panel rental fees" from

        merchants on the platform, much like general market owners. These
        fees are typically divided into three main parts: sales transaction fees,

        transaction fees, and fees for stores participating in campaigns. All of
        these fees translate into costs for the store and may yield minimal profit

        margins. Consequently, they need to focus on selling in larger quantities
        to make up for these costs. As a result, many entrepreneurs may opt to

        participate in the sales promotion programs offered by e-marketplace
        platform service companies. These programs aim to increase visibility,

        stimulate sales, and create opportunities for higher profits. It may be
        worth nothing because not all shops have the same potential to generate

        additional profits through these promotions. Moreover, certain e-marketplace
        platforms may add more conditions to the burden on entrepreneurs.


               4) Promotion Results in Reduced Visibility or Engagement


               Shops on the platforms must “increase visibility” for engagement
        by purchasing advertising and promotion to stimulate sales. Sales
        campaigns with service companies on the e-marketplace platform can

        indeed increase visibility of some stores but decrease visibility for others.

        If stores or entrepreneurs lack the capacity to participate in various
        promotions offered by the e-marketplace platform, they may be
        excluded. Such exclusion impacts the perception and visibility of these
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