Page 12 - kpi6284

5

“√“πÿ°√¡°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ‰∑¬

¢Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ„π¬ÿ§ ¡—¬„À¡à∑’ˬ÷¥∂◊Õ¡“®πªí®®ÿ∫—π

„π™à«ß»µ«√√…∑’Ë 19 ª√–‡∑»„π¬ÿ‚√ª‚¥¬ à«π„À≠à‰¥â¡’°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª∑“ß°“√
ª°§√Õ߇ªìπ°“√∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥¬‡©æ“–Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß°“√æ—≤π“°“√‰ª Ÿà§«“¡‡ªìπ√—∞-™“µ‘ À√◊Õ√—∞
ª√–™“™“µ‘ (Nation-state) ·≈–°“√¢¬“¬µ—«¢Õß ‘∑∏‘„π°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ÕߢÕß
ª√–™“™π¿“¬„µâ·√ߢ—∫‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰ª Ÿà°“√®—¥√Ÿª·∫∫°“√ª°§√Õßµ“¡·π«§‘¥ª√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬
¡—¬„À¡à ‡ªìπº≈„Àâ√–∫∫°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ„πÀ≈“¬ª√–‡∑»¡’∫∑∫“∑·≈–§«“¡‡¢â¡
·¢Áß¡“°¢÷Èπ °“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ„π√–¬–π’È®÷ß¡’≈—°…≥–∑’ˇ√’¬°‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ ç°“√ª°§√Õß
∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ‚¥¬™ÿ¡™π¢Õßµπ‡Õßé (çSelf-Governing Communityé) ≈à«ß‡¢â“»µ«√√…∑’Ë 20
®“°°“√¢¬“¬µ—«„π¥â“π∫∑∫“∑·≈–¢Õ∫¢à“¬¢Õßß“π∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥–µà“ßÊ ¢Õß√—∞∫“≈
„π√–¥—∫™“µ‘ ∫∑∫“∑¢ÕßÕߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ®÷ߺ—π·ª√µ“¡‰ª¥â«¬·≈–¡’
≈—°…≥–∑’ˇªìπ çÀπ૬„Àâ∫√‘°“√„π√–¥—∫∑âÕß∂‘Ëπé (Local service agencies) ·≈–„π
√–¬–»µ«√√…∑’Ë 20 π’ˇÕß∑’˪√–‡∑»¡À“Õ”π“®„π¬ÿ‚√ª‰¥â ç àßÕÕ°é ·∫∫·ºπ·≈–
·π«§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫√–∫∫°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ‰ª¬—ߪ√–‡∑»µà“ßÊ ∑—Ë«‚≈° ∑—Èß„π à«π¢Õß
3
ª√–‡∑»Õ“≥“π‘§¡·≈–ª√–‡∑»°”≈—ßæ—≤π“Õ◊ËπÊ ¿“¬„µâ°√–∫«π°“√¢Õß°“√ çæ—≤π“
‰ª Ÿà§«“¡∑—π ¡—¬é (Modernization) ´÷Ëß°√Õ∫§«“¡§‘¥¥—ß°≈à“«π’È °Á‰¥â°≈“¬‡ªìπ ç®‘πµ¿“æ
À≈—°é ∑’ˬ÷¥°ÿ¡°“√Õ∏‘∫“¬∂÷߇√◊ËÕß°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ„π¬ÿ§ ¡—¬ªí®®ÿ∫—π
°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ„π¬ÿ§ ¡—¬ªí®®ÿ∫—π ®÷ß∂Ÿ°‡¢â“„®·≈–„À⧫“¡À¡“¬‚¥¬Õ‘ßÕ¬Ÿà
°—∫À≈—°°“√ª°§√Õßµπ‡Õß (Local government as local self-government) °≈à“«§◊Õ
·¡âπ«à“¿“¬„µâ‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß™ÿ¡™π∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß„π·∫∫√—∞ ¡—¬„À¡à ∑’ˬ÷¥∂◊ÕÀ≈—°°“√¢Õß
§«“¡‡ªìπ‡Õ°¿“æ∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß°“√ª°§√Õß¿“¬„𙓵‘ ·µà∑—Èßπ’È °Á¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–
µâÕ߇ªî¥‚Õ°“ „Àâ™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ´÷Ëß°√–®—¥°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà∑—Ë«‰ª„πÕ“≥“∫√‘‡«≥¢Õß√—∞
“¡“√∂‡¢â“¡“¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√°”Àπ¥™–µ“°√√¡™’«‘µ¢Õßµπ‡Õ߉¥âºà“π°“√ ç°√–®“¬
Õ”π“®é (Decentralization) „Àâ™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ “¡“√∂®–„™âÕ”π“®∑“ß°“√‡¡◊Õß·≈–°“√
∫√‘À“√‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå ÿ¢·°à™ÿ¡™π¢Õßµπ‡Õß ∑—Èßπ’È ‡Àµÿº≈§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë∂◊Õ‡ªìπ§ÿ≥§à“
À≈—°∑’Ë π—∫ πÿπ°“√¡’Õ¬Ÿà¢Õß°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπµ“¡À≈—°°“√ª°§√Õßµπ‡Õßπ—Èπ ¡’Õ¬Ÿà

3
Samuel Humes IV. Local Governance And National Power: A Worldwide Comparison of
Tradition and Change in Local Government, pp. 1-3.