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30 การศึกษาความเคลื่อนไหวทางการเมืองและพฤติกรรมการเลือกตั้ง
สมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎร 2562 กรุงเทพมหานคร

6) There are three types of electoral irregularities and electoral fraud in Bangkok.

6.1) One type is electoral irregularities and electoral fraud committed by the
candidate, which are associated with clientelism and take the forms of vote

buying, intimidation, and gambling.

6.2) Another is public suspicion of activities by state agencies done in the name of
regulating elections, such as constituency changes, vote counts at the polling

stations, vote counts at the constituency office, and delay of final result
announcement.

6.3) There is also public suspicion of activities by the incumbent political regime
seemingly meant to disadvantage competitors. For example, old political

parties were delayed in launching election campaigns due to the junta’s or-
ders. The junta-led government still had full power during the campaign. Sev-

eral government members were in the Palang Pracharat party, and the party
even nominated the head of the junta as its candidate for prime minister.

The government also transferred a large amount of money via the government
special subsidy program to the people right before the election.

7) The results of the 2019 general election in Bangkok reflect a multi-layered political

conflict in Thailand: 1) the Color Divide that existed prior to the 2014 coup and still continues;
2) the divide generated from the coup between those who were pro-coup and those who

were anti-coup; and 3) a new divide between “old politics” and “new politics” with the Future
Forward Party as the center of the conflict.

8) The dominant model of voting behavior in this election was a mix of strategy and

emotions rather than pure ideological and policy driven voting.