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∂“∫—πæ√–ª°‡°≈â“

§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”«à“ æ≈‡¡◊Õß

ª√–‡¥Áπ·√° §”«à“ æ≈‡¡◊Õß ¡‘„™à§”∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ¬à“ß‚¥¥Ê ·µà‡ªìπ§”∑’Ë

§Ÿà°—∫§”«à“ ™ÿ¡™π°“√‡¡◊Õß ∑’Ë°√’°‡√’¬°«à“ Polis ·≈–§πªí®®ÿ∫—π‡√’¬°«à“ √—∞ (State)
æ≈‡¡◊Õ߇ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢Õß™ÿ¡™π°“√‡¡◊ÕßÀ√◊Õ√—∞ ´÷ËßÀ¡“¬§«“¡«à“∑’Ë„¥°Áµ“¡
∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å¡“Õ¬Ÿà√«¡°—π ¡’°“√„™âÕ”π“®®—¥°“√∫√‘À“√°‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ ¿“¬„π

™ÿ¡™ππ—Èπ π—Ëπ°Á§◊Õ™ÿ¡™π°“√‡¡◊Õß À√◊Õ√—∞ ·≈–‡π◊ËÕß®“°„π‚≈°π’È¡’§π®”π«π
πâÕ¬¡“°∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ¬à“ß‚¥¥‡¥’ˬ« ‰¡à ÿß ‘ß°—∫„§√ °“√‡ªìπ§π®÷߇∑à“°—∫‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß
°“√‡¡◊Õß (To be human is to be political) À√◊Õ查Ւ°Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëߧ◊Õ §π‡ªìπ —µ«å

°“√‡¡◊Õß (man is a political animal) §«“¡‡ªìπæ≈‡¡◊Õß°Á§◊Õ°“√‡¢â“√à«¡ à«π
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„π™ÿ¡™π°“√‡¡◊Õß (Citizenship is participation in the affairs of a polis) °≈à“«Õ’°
π—¬Àπ÷Ëß ‰¡à¡’æ≈‡¡◊Õß°Á‰¡à¡’™ÿ¡™π°“√‡¡◊ÕßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à¡’√—∞

ª√–‡¥Áπ∑’Ë Õß «à“¥â«¬°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°‘®°“√ “∏“√≥– „π ¡—¬°√’°

¬ÿ§∑’˪√–™“∏‘ª‰µ¬√ÿà߇√◊Õß„ππ§√‡Õ‡∏π å æ≈‡¡◊Õß¡’ ‘∑∏‘ (Rights) ·≈–¿“√–
Àπâ“∑’Ë À√◊Õ§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ (Obligations) ¡’ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–‡¢â“√à«¡ª√–™ÿ¡°”Àπ¥
π‚¬∫“¬·≈–‚§√ß°“√µà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“™ÿ¡™π¢Õßµπ ÕÕ°°ÆÀ¡“¬À√◊Õ

¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫„Àâ∑ÿ°Ê §πªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡ ‡≈◊Õ°ºŸâ·∑π‡¢â“‰ª∑”ß“π·∑π„π¥â“π𑵑∫—≠≠—µ‘
·≈–∫√‘À“√·≈–¡’ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–ÕÕ°§«“¡‡ÀÁπ„π‡√◊ËÕ߇À≈à“π—Èπ √«¡∑—È߇ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
·°â‰¢ ‘Ëß∑’ˇ§¬µ°≈ß°—π‰ª·≈â« à«π¿“√–Àπâ“∑’ËÀ√◊Õ§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ ‰¥â·°à

°“√‡¢â“ª√–™ÿ¡‡æ◊ËÕÕÕ°§«“¡‡ÀÁπ„π°‘®°“√µà“ßÊ ¢Õß√—∞ °“√‡ ’¬¿“…’ °“√‡ªìπ
∑À“√ªÑÕß°—πª√–‡∑» °“√‡ªìπ ¡“™‘°¢Õߧ≥–≈Ÿ°¢ÿπ‡æ◊ËÕµ—¥ ‘𧥒§«“¡
µ≈Õ¥®π°“√ àß∫ÿµ√À≈“π‡¢â“‚√߇√’¬π ‡ªìπµâπ

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Ibid. p. 10

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