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”√«®‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ 4
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·≈–«‘™“ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å (´÷Ë߇º¬„Àâ‡ÀÁπ§«“¡·¢Áß·°√àߢÕß√–∫∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß
Ω√—Ë߇» ) ·≈–°“√»÷°…“‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡„π™à«ß«—¬ 20 ªï‡»…∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥‡®π«à“‡¢“
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3
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America. Specially edited and abridged for the Modern
Reader by Richard D. Heffner, NY: Mentor Book, 1956, Introduction by the editor, p. 12
4
Andrew Hacker, ed. and abridged Democracy in America. Alexis de Tocqueville. NY:
Washington Square Press, Inc., 1964 pp. ix-x.
5
George Pierson, op.cit., pp. 8-9
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