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3.3.1. National Interests vs. MRAs

By way of comparison, both MRAs on medical
practitioners and engineering services reflect an “ASEAN Way”
style of cooperation where members countries emphasise the

importance of national sovereignty while allowing a consensus
and flexibility principles to move forwards the regional

cooperation. The MRA on medical practitioners can be seen
82
just a “conditional open access” or a “two-step approach”
(home country registration and host country registration) for a

movement of MP while the MRA of engineering services goes
further whereby creating a “hub and spoke ” or a “three-step
83
registration approach” modality of recognition (home country
registration, ASEAN registration, and host country registration).

For medical practitioners, there is no regional registration

in the same manner as the mutual recognition of engineering
services. A non-existence of regional registration system

reflects a concern of national sovereignty over such issue where
member countries are not ready to relinquish a higher level of

82 See further Tamaki. 2006;Benny Teh Cheng Guan, ASEAN’s Regional
Integration Challenge: The ASEAN Process, 20 THE COPENHAGEN JOURNAL OF
ASIAN STUDIES (2004); Paul J. Davidson, THE ASEAN WAY AND THE ROLE OF LAW
IN ASEAN ECONOMIC COOPERATION, 8 SINGAPORE YEAR BOOK OF INTERNATIONAL
LAW AND CONTRIBUTORS (2004).
83 Hamnaka & Jusoh, 15. 2016.

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