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การกำาหนดความผิดเกี่ยวกับเด็กนั้น มีที่มาจากความพยายาม
ในการป้องกันและปราบปรามขบวนการลักพาตัวเด็กข้ามชาติ (Transnational

Abduction of Children) ที่เกิดขึ้นในหลายประเทศ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง
ในภูมิภาคอเมริกา โดยอนุสัญญาสิทธิมนุษยชนอเมริกาก็ได้มีข้อบทที่เกี่ยวข้อง

disappearance, children whose father, mother or legal guardian is subjected
to enforced disappearance or children born during the captivity of a mother
subjected to enforced disappearance;
(b) The falsification, concealment or destruction of documents
attesting to the true identity of the children referred to in subparagraph (a)
above.
2. Each State Party shall take the necessary measures to search for and
identify the children referred to in paragraph 1 (a) of this article and to return
them to their families of origin, in accordance with legal procedures and
applicable international agreements.
3. States Parties shall assist one another in searching for, identifying and
locating the children referred to in paragraph 1 (a) of this article.
4. Given the need to protect the best interests of the children referred
to in paragraph 1 (a) of this article and their right to preserve, or to have
re-established, their identity, including their nationality, name and family
relations as recognized by law, States Parties which recognize a system of
adoption or other form of placement of children shall have legal procedures
in place to review the adoption or placement procedure, and, where
appropriate, to annul any adoption or placement of children that originated
in an enforced disappearance.

5. In all cases, and in particular in all matters relating to this article, the
best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration, and a child
who is capable of forming his or her own views shall have the right to
express those views freely, the views of the child being given due weight in
accordance with the age and maturity of the child.”

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