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2TQH &T #IWU 2TCOWUKPVQ
Director, Department of Public Policy and Management,
University of Gadjah Mada, Republic of Indonesia
Thank you very much. Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. First of all, I’d like
to say congratulations to KPI for this very successful 20th conference or congress.
It’s an honor for me to be here to share our experiences how the government in
Indonesia is managed by decentralization and how it works and what kinds of
difficulty that we are facing. Of course, you can learn from our experience, but
remember that you have, too, to learn from our mistakes. Of course, as Dr. Brillantes
said that it doesn’t that one size fits all. We have to consider our condition.
There are at least three questions that we have to raise. How is the social
structure condition of Indonesia? What is the reason to manage such condition? And
how is the regulation changed in managing the country?
What I’m presenting, hopefully, it can answer these questions. I think this is
Indonesia, the red one. We are a Universitas and of course, we have several
experience different from Thailand. Our independence on August 17, 1945, and we
had long experience on occupation by Japan for three-and-a-half years, and that’s 40
and 50 years. I don’t think that Thailand has this kind of experience. We have 265
million people, number five in the world. If we compare to Australia, they only have
24 million in one continent, and Brunei has only 429,000 people. Also we have
14,000 to 17,000 islands, and more than 5,000 kilometers from the west in Sabang,
Aceh to the east Envirokey, Papua. We have the time differences and based on this
kind of problem then how should we manage this diverse country and I don’t want to
talk this our ideology. But the question is… we call it as “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” or
unity in diversity, because we have regions in Aceh, Kalimantan, Papua, with oil,
forest, mining as well. But, we can also see poor areas like in East Nusa Tenggara
or Java.
And in terms of language, we have 726 local languages from Javanese,
Balinese, Batakese. Also, for the Indonesian language we call it Bahasa, means
actually language not the name of the language itself. So, we should say Bahasa
Indonesia. And actually it comes from only 10% of the population, but we accept as
the national language.
In terms of religion, we have 88% Muslim and Christianity around 10%, the rest
are Hinduism, Buddhism and Kong Hu Cu from Chinese people.
ª£¸²£ª±¡¡²¥¸h¡¢h¢µÈ So, the questions of this diversity is that, how should we manage this kind of
In terms of ethnic variation, we have Papuan, Hambuan, Namibian, and so on.
diversity? In the earlier of independence, we came up with two choices whether we
chose federalism led by Mohammad Hatta at the time, and the second one is
unitarianism led by Muhammad Yamin, but we came up with unitarianism led by
Yamin.
