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You can see from this structure on the left side. There are several technical or
sector administers at the local level. They create representative agencies. For example,
at the local level, they have local agencies for education, then the government also
creates representatives in central government office at the local level for education.
Also for health, also for public council. So, there are two: local government institution
and central government institution working together, but actually, they’re overlapping.
But, for the local like region or mayor they just like accountable for the same
government. They cannot control the central government agencies at the local level.
But with new law, created in 1999, they abolished all the central government
agencies. In 1999 when Suharto
stepped down, then Habibie became the transitional President. The background
of the new law is that, of course, everybody knows that Suharto was authoritarian
with corruption, collusion, nepotism, and there were many demands for political
freedom. That’s why the focus of the reform, at the time, how to democratize
government, and how to compare corruption. Then the government try to respond by
giving decentralization focusing on more political decentralization or devolution rather
than administrative founding. We had a big bang decentralization. Before the powers
are in the central government, now we give it all to district level, except six
authorities: foreign affairs, security and defence, judicial, national monetary, fiscal,
religious. But all affairs defer to local government. Of course, the problem is how is
the capacity of the local government. It’s about capacity of the local governments,
the capacity of the personnel, the capacity of the financial resources, and so on.
Again, the central government agencies in the local government have been
abolished. So, no more local government agencies in the provincial level or the
district level.
On the left side, before you can see that there are many agencies at the local
government, but now we have abolished all the structure at the local level. And then
in 2004, we revised again, the law, during the President SBY, or Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono. It was, we call it the Reformasi era. The background, there was serious
conflict between local legislature and local executive. And also the introduction of
some of the central government. That’s why, then, the law just focused on how to
make balance within the executive and the legislature in the region. And also, the
regions all have like regent or governor now become elected directly by the citizens.
The last one is law Number 23, 2014. The issue is actually the same. The focus
on… this is of decentralization are the same. But the government tries to balance, to
empower the role of the governor as the representative of the central government.
Because by giving devolution at the time, before 2014, the central government cannot
ª£¸²£ª±¡¡²¥¸h¡¢h¢µÈ strengthen the role of the governor, as the representative of the central government
coordinate because like too many local kings. That’s why, then, we have to
at the local level. And we also have to strengthen the function assignment before we
put in the common regulation, but with this law, all the functional assignment has
been put in the law. So, it becomes more clear and stronger.
