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of the aforesaid models are that 1) citizens should have knowledge, understanding, and

awareness of the political regime, 2) there should be the specific organizations in charge of
civic education, 3) education providers, teachers, and administrators of educational institutes

should recognize the civic duties, and have knowledge in the educational management

procedure for building citizenship, 4) community and locality should value and take in part
in the civic education management and 5) the government sector must encourage the

political parties or non-profit organizations to arrange activities promoting citizenship.

4. Mechanisms provoking civic duties and encouraging the exercise of rights and
liberties under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2560 (A.D. 2017) consists of

mechanism in the government sector and private sector in charge of the formal educational

management, mechanism in the government sector, private sector, civil society sector, and
family and mechanism of the mass media in charge of managing the informal education.

In this regard, the researcher has suggested as a policy measure and mechanisms for

many factors which are 1) to promote the “Political Studies Center” owned by the State or
the private sector 2) to strengthen the “civil politics” as carried out by the State, which must

be developed from the active citizenship, the State should also promote the public

communications, set up mechanisms to promote the formation of people and social
movement whereas the State shall not obstruct this, but educate and create mechanisms

for general anti-corruption and whistleblowing of corruption 3) to encourage the government

authorities’ administration under the principle of good governance 4) to revise and fix the
precise and practical target of citizenship 5) to encourage the mass media to communicate

any public information which helps promote citizenship 6) to promote the government

sector to work with the civil society sector and communities 7) to give opportunities to
children and youth to think, analyze, comment, share opinions, and present the useful

information in schools or other places appropriately and 8) to revise the formal curriculum

and teaching and learning.
The Researcher views that some legal measures and mechanisms should be added to

promote and support the performance of civic duties in claiming for rights and liberties as

specified below:
1. to make Section 51 of The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2560

tangible, Section 45 of the Organic Act on Procedures of the Constitutional Court B.E. 2561

(A.D. 2018) should be amended by shortening the time period and the procedures to be