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∂“∫—πæ√–ª°‡°≈â“

‡ÀÁπ«à“ ç¡πÿ…¬å®–‰ª∂÷ß»—°¬¿“懵Á¡∑’Ë¢Õß™’«‘µ¢Õ߇¢“‰¥â (to reach
the full potential of his life and personality) °Á¥â«¬°“√‡¢â“‰ª¡’ à«π√à«¡„π

°‘®°√√¡¢Õß‚æ≈‘ (Polis - ™ÿ¡™π°“√‡¡◊ÕßÀ√◊Õ∑’Ë·ª≈°—π∑—Ë«‰ª«à“ çπ§√√—∞é)
À√◊Õ°‘®°√√¡ “∏“√≥–‡∑à“π—Èπ (only by participation in the affairs of a polis) 14

Õ√‘ ‚µ‡µ‘È≈‡ÀÁπ«à“§π∑’ˇ¢â“‰ª¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°‘®°√√¡‡À≈à“π—Èπ°Á§◊Õ æ≈‡¡◊Õß
(citizens)

æ≈‡¡◊Õߧ◊Õ 1. §π∑’Ë„™â ‘∑∏‘‡¢â“√à«¡„πÀπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬À√◊Õ
µ—¥ ‘𧥒§«“¡ (enjoys the right of sharing in deliberative or judicial office)
„π‡«≈“∑’Ë°”À𥵓¬µ—«À√◊Õ‰¡à°Á‰¥â (fixed or unfixed) 2. §π∑’ˇ¢â“√à«¡ à«π

„π™’«‘µæ≈‡¡◊Õß∑’Ë¡’∑—Èß°“√ª°§√Õß·≈–°“√∂Ÿ°ª°§√Õß‚¥¬ ≈—∫°—π‰ª (share in the
civic life of ruling and being ruled in turn) 3. æ≈‡¡◊Õß∑’Ë¥’§◊Õ §π∑’˵âÕß¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ

·≈–§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√ª°§√Õß·≈–∂Ÿ°ª°§√Õß (good citizen must possess
the knowledge and the capacity requisite for rule as well as being ruled)
°≈à“«Õ’°π—¬Àπ÷Ëß §«“¡¬Õ¥‡¬’ˬ¡¢Õßæ≈‡¡◊Õß°Á§◊Õ §«“¡√Ÿâ„π°“√ª°§√Õ߇Àπ◊Õ

‡ √’™π∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬·≈–§«“¡√Ÿâ∑’Ë®–∂Ÿ°æ«°‡ √’™π∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ª°§√Õ߇√“ (a knowledge
of rule over free men from both points of view)é 15

14
π—°«‘™“°“√ à«π„À≠à·ª≈ Polis «à“ π§√√—∞ (City-state) ·µà¡’§”¬◊π¬—π«à“§”«à“ Polis À¡“¬∂÷ß™ÿ¡™π
∑’Ëæ≈‡¡◊Õß¡’∫∑∫“∑ ”§—≠„π°“√º≈—¥‡ª≈’ˬπ°—π‡¢â“∫√‘À“√™ÿ¡™π ∂◊Õ°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡¥—ß°≈à“«‡ªìπ¿“√°‘®
”§—≠ §”«à“π§√√—∞ À√◊Õ City-state 查∂÷߇©æ“–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë ·µà¡‘‰¥â查∂÷ß°“√¡’ à«π√à«¡∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ÕßÕ¬à“ß
·¢Áߢ—π¢Õߧπ„π™ÿ¡™ππ—Èπ
15
Heater, op.cit., p. 3

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