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·π«§‘¥«à“¥â«¬§«“¡‡ªìπæ≈‡¡◊Õß

....√Ÿâ®—°§«“¡®ß√—°¿—°¥’µàÕ√—∞ (sense of loyalty).....°“√∑”µ“¡Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õßµπ
(duties).....·≈–°“√„™â ‘∑∏‘¢Õßµπ∑’Ëæ÷ß¡’°—∫√—∞ (state Õ—π‡ªìπ·π«§‘¥π“¡∏√√¡)

¡‘„™à°—∫¡πÿ…¬åÕ◊ËπÊ „π·ßàπ’È Heater ®÷߇ÀÁπ«à“°≈ÿࡧπ∑’˧‘¥‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¡‡ªìπæ≈‡¡◊Õß
(Citizenship) ‰¥â®÷߬àÕ¡µâÕß¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂摇»…∫“ߪ√–°“√„π°“√§‘¥‡√◊ËÕß
12
∑’ˇªìππ“¡∏√√¡·≈–¡’§«“¡ ≈—∫´—∫´âÕπ

Õ√‘ ‚µ‡µ‘È≈°—∫·π«§‘¥‡√◊ËÕßæ≈‡¡◊Õß

µàÕ®“°‡æ≈‚µâ °Á§◊ÕÕ√‘ ‚µ‡µ‘È≈ (Airstotle, 384-322 B.C.) π—°§‘¥∑’ˉ¥â

√—∫°“√¬°¬àÕß«à“‡ªìππ—°√—∞»“ µ√å§π·√°¢Õß‚≈° Õ√‘ ‚µ‡µ‘È≈‡ªìπ»‘…¬å¢Õ߇æ≈‚µâ
∑’˺à“π¡“ §«“¡‡¢â“„®¢Õß —ߧ¡‰∑¬∑’Ë¡’µàÕπ—°§‘¥ºŸâπ’ȇ°’ˬ«°—∫°“√‡¡◊Õß¡’‡æ’¬ß
ª√–‡¥Áπ‡¥’¬« §◊Õ ç¡πÿ…¬å‡ªìπ —µ«å°“√‡¡◊Õß‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘ §π∑’ËÕ¬ŸàπÕ°√—∞

À“°‰¡à„™à¬‘Ëß„À≠à°«à“¡πÿ…¬å (À¡“¬∂÷߇∑«¥“) °ÁµâÕߵ˔«à“¡πÿ…¬å.é (À¡“¬∂÷ß —µ«å)
(Man is by nature a political animal. Whoever is outside the state is either

greater than human or less than human.) 13

°“√查‡©æ“–«à“¡πÿ…¬å‡ªìπ —µ«å°“√‡¡◊Õß Õ“®∑”„Àâ§π®”π«πÀπ÷Ëß

‡¢â“„®¡πÿ…¬åÀ≈’°‰¡àæâπÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß°“√‡¡◊Õß ‰¡à«à“®–Õ¬Ÿà„π∂‘Ë𷧫âπ„¥ ·µàÀ≈’°
‰¡à‰¥â °Á‰¡à‰¥âÀ¡“¬§«“¡«à“®–¡’∫∑∫“∑¡“°‰ª°«à“π—Èπ ·µà§«“¡®√‘ß Õ√‘ ‚µ‡µ‘È≈
‡ÀÁπ¡“°°«à“π—Èππ—Ëπ§◊Õ

12
Ibid., p. 2
13
Aristotle, Politics. edited by C. Lord, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1984, p. 2
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