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∂“∫—πæ√–ª°‡°≈â“
(Civil government) „Àâ¡’§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ«à“ —ߧ¡·≈–√–∫∫°“√∫√‘À“√®–µâÕߥ’°«à“‡¥‘¡
¥â«¬∫∑∫“∑¢Õߧπ‡√“ (political and social meliorism and activism) „Àâæ≈‡¡◊Õß
¡’ ‘∑∏‘‡≈◊Õ°µ—Èß ºŸâ·∑π∑’ˇ¢â“‰ª∑”ß“π à«π√«¡µâÕßøíߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπ¢Õߪ√–™“™π
·≈–ºŸâπ”√–¥—∫ Ÿß¢Õßπ‘°“¬‚ª√·µ ·µπ∑å „πÕ—ß°ƒ…∂Ÿ°æ√–‡®â“‡Œπ√’˵—¥ ‘π
ª√–À“√™’«‘µ (Thomas Cromwell ∂Ÿ°µ—¥»’√…–„πªï §.». 1540) ª√–™“™π®–µâÕß
‰¡à‡™◊ËÕøíߺŸâ∫√‘À“√∑’ˇªìπ∑√√“™ ≈—∑∏‘§“≈«‘π‘ µå®÷߇™◊ËÕ„πÕ”π“®¢ÕßΩÉ“¬∫√‘À“√
∑’Ë®–µâÕß¡’°“√§«∫§ÿ¡ (limited monarchy or executive) ¥â«¬√—∞ ¿“∑’˪√–™“™π
‡ªìπºŸâ‡≈◊Õ°µ—Èß ·≈–‡™◊ËÕ„π —≠≠“ª√–™“§¡ (Social contract theory) ´÷ËßÀ¡“¬∂÷ß
√—∞∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫µàÕª√–™“§¡ ·≈–ª√–™“§¡µâÕߧ«∫§ÿ¡√—∞ 13
3. „π∑“߇»√…∞°‘® ¡’§«“¡µ—Èß„® §«“¡¢¬—π¢—π·¢Áß·≈–§«“¡´◊ËÕ —µ¬å
„π°“√∑”ß“πª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ (conscientious diligence in oneûs vocation &
business integrity) à߇ √‘¡°“√≈ß∑ÿπ °“√º≈‘µ °“√§â“ (Free enterprise system)
π”°”‰√∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’扪 π—∫ πÿπ»“ π“·≈–™ÿ¡™π
4. „π¥â“π°“√»÷°…“ ‡πâ𧫓¡ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√»÷°…“∑ÿ°√–¥—∫ (concern
of education at all levels) °“√ √â“ߧπ„À⇢Ⓜ√߇√’¬π‡æ◊ËÕÕà“πæ√–§—¡¿’√剥â‡Õß
(®–‰¥â‰¡àÀ≈߇™◊ËÕøíß·µà§”查¢ÕߧπÕ◊Ëπ) °“√»÷°…“‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß µ‘ªí≠≠“ §«“¡√Ÿâ
·≈–°“√„™â‡Àµÿº≈ ·≈–°“√§âπ§«â“∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å µ≈Õ¥®π°“√ √â“ß ∂“∫—π
°“√»÷°…“‡æ‘Ë¡
5. „π¥â“π§√Õ∫§√—«·≈– à«πµ—« °“√‡ªìπ§π¡’√–‡∫’¬∫«‘π—¬ (disciplined
behavior) ‰¡àøÿÉ¡‡øóÕ¬ √â“ߧ√Õ∫§√—«„ÀâÕ∫Õÿàπ ‡¢â¡·¢Áß (family piety); ≈—∑∏‘
§“≈«‘π‘ µå„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠µàÕ®√‘¬∏√√¡∑’Ë®√‘ß®—ß Àπ—°·πàπ ≈–‡«âπ®“°°“√™Õ∫
13
T.H.L. Parker, John Calvin. Herts: Lion Publishing Place, 1975 Chapters 6-7.
150
