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                            ‰¥â·°à 1. ≈—∑∏‘ Lutheranism π”‚¥¬ ¡“√嵑π ≈Ÿ‡∏Õ√å (Martin Luther, 1483-1546)
                            ™“«‡¬Õ√¡—π  2. ≈—∑∏‘ Calvinism π”‚¥¬ ¨—ß §“≈·«Áß  (Jean Calvin, 1509-1564)

                            ™“«Ω√—Ë߇»  ·≈– 3. ≈—∑∏‘·Õß°≈‘·§π (Anglicanism) π”‚¥¬ æ√–‡®â“‡Œπ√’Ë∑’Ë 8
                                                            10
                            (Henry VIII, 1491-1547) ·ÀàßÕ—ß°ƒ…  ®–æ∫«à“ ∂“π∑’ˇ°‘¥¢Õß∑—Èß 3 ≈—∑∏‘
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                            ¿“…’·≈–¢÷ÈπµàÕÕ”π“®¢Õß°√ÿß‚√¡ ¥—ß°√≥’æ√–‡®â“‡Œπ√’Ë∑’Ë 8  ·ÀàßÕ—ß°ƒ…∑’˪√–°“»
                            ‰¡à¢÷ÈπµàÕ‚√¡  ∂“ªπ“»“ π“§√‘ µå¢Õßµπ‡Õ߇√’¬°«à“ Church of England

                            À√◊Õ≈—∑∏‘·Õß°≈‘·§π  ·≈–ª√–°“»µπ‡ªìπÀ—«Àπâ“≈—∑∏‘„À¡à  ≈—∑∏‘§“≈«‘π‘ µå
                            π”‚¥¬¨—ß  §“≈·«Áß¡’∫∑∫“∑Õ¬à“ß Ÿß¬‘Ëß„π¥â“π§«“¡§‘¥„π°“√¥”√ß™’«‘µ
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                            Ω√—Ë߇»   ‡¬Õ√¡—π  ‡π‡∏Õ√å·≈π¥å  Õ—ß°ƒ…  °äÕµ·≈π¥å ·≈– À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“  11



                               10
                                John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe From the Renaissance to the Present.
                            New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1996 Chpt. 3: The Two Reformations, pp. 87-137
                               11
                                Gerhard Ritter, Luther -His life and work. Trans. by John Riches, London, 1963; The Encyclopedia
                            Britannica. Vol. 8 Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1967; The Encyclopedia Americana
                            Vol. 22, International Edition, Danbury, CT: Glolier, 1999 pp. 549-550


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