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196 ENHANCING ELECTIONS AS INSTRUMENTS OF DEMOCRACY IN THE ASEAN REGION

Political Efficacy

• Participation in elections will generate political efficacy.

Electoral Participation

• If electoral participation is high, and people choose to
participate on the basis of supporting specific political

platforms/ programs, there will be vertical and horizontal
accountability.

Vertical Accountability

• This pertains to the government being accountable to the
people.

Horizontal Accountability

• Pertains to the check-and-balance roles played by the
executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

Control of corruption

• Vertical and horizontal accountability will lead to control of

corruption and a law-abiding government.

• The government will then be more responsive.

• The government effectively meeting the needs of the people.

Support for Democracy

• Is generated and promoted when the government is
responsive to the people, and people are engaged in making

the government work.