Page 128 - kpi20440

KPI Congress 20th
128
2018
Thai Democracy on the Move

“the transfer of responsibility for planning, management, and the raising

and allocation of resources from the central government and its agencies to field
units of government agencies, subordinate units or levels of government, semi

autonomous public authorities or corporations, area-wide, regional or functional
authorities, or non-governmental private or voluntary organisations”.

The form of decentralisation adopted by a country depends on history, socio-political
conditions, and central-regional relations. The first is devolution, which is political decentralisation.

The government gives full authority to the regions to design policies in accordance with the

aspirations of the people and run by local institutions. Second, deconcentration, which is
administrative decentralisation. The central government makes policies and runs in the
regions with institutions and human resources from the central government. The third is

co-administration, which is a collaboration between the central government and local

governments. The central government provides the direction of policies and guidelines, the
local government is tasked with carrying out duties and reporting on the responsibility of
duties to the central government (see also Gerritsen & Situmorang 1999).

Indonesia: A Brief Picture

Indonesia is legally a unitary state which has more than 265 million people. The land

has 17,000 islands stretching over 5,000 kilometres from west (in Sabang) to east (in Merauke).
In terms of government, Indonesia encompasses 34 provinces and more than 415 districts and

93 cities. At present, the governance structure in Indonesia consists of three levels, namely the
เอกสารประกอบการประชุมกลุ่มย่อยที่ 3 the regency government led by the regent or the city government led by the mayor. Regency
central government led by the president, the provincial government led by the governor and

government is equivalent to city government. As an archipelago, they contain a wide array of

resources, languages, religions, customs and ethnic variations. Despite such differences, they
have been united under the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (Negara Kesatuan

Republik Indonesia, NKRI). It is not an easy thing to manage such differences under one unitary
state. Therefore, decentralisation in Indonesia is still an unfinished topic of debate amongst