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‡¡◊ËÕ查∂÷߇æ≈‚µâ (Plato, 429-347 B.C.) π—°§‘¥∑’ˬ‘Ëß„À≠à™“«°√’° §π‰∑¬
2
¡—°π÷°∂÷ߺ≈ß“π¢Õ߇¢“™◊ËÕ ç “∏“√≥√—∞é (Republic) ¡’∫“ߧπ·ª≈§”«à“
Republic Õ—π‡ªìπß“π¢Õ߇¢“«à“ Õÿµ¡√—∞ ´÷Ëß·ª≈«à“√—∞∑’Ë¥’‡≈‘» Õ—π‡ªìπ°“√¡Õß
·∫∫Õÿ¥¡§µ‘ À√◊Õ√—∞∑’Ë §«√ ®–‡ªìπ„π∑—»π–¢Õßπ—°§‘¥§πÀπ÷Ëß „π·ßàπ’È ‡æ≈‚µâ

®÷ß¡’∞“𖇪ìππ—°Õÿ¥¡§µ‘ (Idealist) ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ΩíπÕ—πߥߓ¡µàÕ√—∞ π’˧◊Õ≈—°…≥–
·√° ‡¡◊ËÕπ÷°∂÷߇æ≈‚µâ

≈—°…≥–∑’Ë Õß ·ß৑¥ ”§—≠∑’Ë«ß°“√»÷°…“¢Õ߉∑¬‡√“¡—°À¬‘∫¬°
‡ ¡ÕÊ ®“°ß“π∑’Ë™◊ËÕ Republic °Á§◊Õ ·π«§‘¥«à“¥â«¬π—°ª°§√Õß-π—°ª√“™≠å

(Philosopher King Concept) „π∞“π–ºŸâπ”°≈ÿà¡πâÕ¬∑’Ë∑√ß¿Ÿ¡‘§«“¡√Ÿâ·≈–‡ªïò¬¡¥â«¬
§ÿ≥∏√√¡ Õÿ∑‘»µπ‡Õß„Àâ·°à√—∞ ‡¡◊ËÕ√—∞¡’ºŸâπ”∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥¿“懙àππ’È √—∞π—Èπ°Á‡®√‘≠

°â“«Àπâ“¡’√–∫∫°“√∫√‘À“√∑’Ë¥’ ª√–™“™π®–¡’™’«‘µ∑’ˇªìπ ÿ¢ ¬‘Ëß查«à“‡æ≈‚µâ
°≈à“«∂÷ß·π«§‘¥π’È¡“°‡æ’¬ß„¥ 𗬬– ”§—≠¢Õß°“√查∂÷ߪ√–‡¥Áπ‡À≈à“π’È°Á§◊Õ
‡æ≈‚µâ¡’·π«§‘¥·∫∫π‘¬¡™π™—Èππ” (Elitist) „À⧫“¡ ”§—≠µàÕ∫∑∫“∑¢ÕߺŸâπ”

„π°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß —ߧ¡ ·≈–‡ÀÁπ«à“ª√–™“™π à«π„À≠৫√Õ¬Ÿà„µâ°“√ª°§√Õß
¢Õߧπ™—Èπ Ÿß∑’Ë¡’ªí≠≠“ 3

2
Plato, Republic. Trans. by G.M.A. Grube, Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1974
3
C.L. Wayper, Political Thought. London: the English Universities Press, Ltd., 1967, p. 1

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