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°“√®—¥√Ÿª·∫∫·≈–‚§√ß √â“ß¿“¬„π

‡∑»¡πµ√’π’ȉ¡à¡’Õ”π“®‡Àπ◊Õ°«à“°√√¡°“√§πÕ◊ËπÊ ∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ‡æ’¬ßª√–∏“π„π
∑’˪√–™ÿ¡·≈–‡ªìπª√–∏“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫æ‘∏’°“√µà“ßÊ ‡∑à“π—Èπ

„π∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘ °√√¡°“√§πÀπ÷ËßÊ ®–∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫∫√‘À“√°‘®°“√
17
¥â“π„¥¥â“πÀπ÷Ëß‚¥¬‡©æ“– ‡™àπ °√√¡°“√ «— ¥‘°“√ —ߧ¡ (Commissioner of
Social Welfare) °√√¡°“√∫√‘À“√§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢Õß “∏“√≥– (Commissioner

of Public Safety) °√√¡°“√°“√‡ß‘𠇪ìπµâπ °√√¡°“√·µà≈–§π®–∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë
‡ ¡◊ÕπÀ—«Àπâ“ΩÉ“¬À√◊Õ°ÕߢÕß°‘®°“√¥â“π„¥¥â“πÀπ÷Ëߥ—ß∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“ ©–π—Èπ
°√√¡°“√·µà≈–§π®–¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â„™âÕ”π“®∫√‘À“√¥â«¬ °≈à“«‚¥¬√«¡√Ÿª·∫∫

§≥–°√√¡°“√π’È¡’≈—°…≥– ”§—≠ ¥—ßπ’È
Õ”π“®·≈–§«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π°“√∫√‘À“√∑âÕß∂‘Ëπµ°Õ¬Ÿà·°à§≥–
∫√‘À“√ß“π ´÷Ëß¡’®”π«π‰¡à¡“°π—°ª√–¡“≥ 3-9 §π

ºŸâ∫√‘À“√ß“π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‰¥â√—∫‡≈◊Õ°‚¥¬µ√ß®“°ª√–™“™π‚¥¬„™â‡¡◊Õß
∑—È߇¡◊Õ߇ªìπ‡¢µ‡≈◊Õ°µ—Èß·≈–Õ¬Ÿà„πµ”·Àπàßµ“¡«“√–∑’Ë°”Àπ¥‰«â ·≈–

‰¥â√—∫‡ß‘π‡¥◊Õπ‡ªìπ§à“µÕ∫·∑π
§≥–ºŸâ∫√‘À“√∑—Èߧ≥–ÕÕ°¢âÕ∫—≠≠—µ‘‰¥â ·≈–°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬¢Õß
µπ‡Õ߉¥â

°√√¡°“√π“¬Àπ÷Ëß®–‰¥â√—∫‡≈◊Õ°®“°§≥–„À⇪ìπª√–∏“π§≥–ºŸâ∫√‘À“√
·µà¡’Õ”π“®‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ ∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπª√–∏“π„π∑’˪√–™ÿ¡¢Õß
§≥–°√√¡°“√ ·≈–¡’∞“𖇪ìπµ—«·∑π¢Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ„πæ‘∏’°“√µà“ßÊ

ª√–∏“ππ’ÈÕ“®¡’Õ”π“®„π°“√¬—∫¬—ÈߢâÕ∫—≠≠—µ‘·≈–¡’Õ”π“®§«∫§ÿ¡
ß“π¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπ·µàπâÕ¬¡“°
°√√¡°“√·µà≈–§π®–‡ªìπºŸâ∫√‘À“√ß“π¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπ∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ à«πÀπ÷Ëß

‡™àπ ¥—∫‡æ≈‘ß µ”√«® ª√–ª“ ‚¬∏“∏‘°“√ ·≈–°“√‡ß‘π ®”π«π¢Õß
17
Thomas R. Dye, Politics in States and Communities (New Lersey: Prentice-Hall. 1997),
p. 275.