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92 ENHANCING ELECTIONS AS INSTRUMENTS OF DEMOCRACY IN THE ASEAN REGION

1. The Ministry of Interior to be responsible for election
administration

2. “The National Election Commission” to be responsible for
election monitoring. As a temporary organization, it was

to be formed before each election at every level and to
be dismissed after the period of petitions and objections
to election results. The Commission comprised qualified

persons appointed by the Prime Minister, the Speaker
of Parliament, and the President of the Supreme Court.

Their election monitoring responsibilities include dividing
electorates, appointing officers, registration of election
observation volunteers, announcing election results, filing

election cases, and other responsibilities as assigned by
laws. Besides, the research proposed an establishment of

election observation organizations at all levels as found in
the Philippines and South Africa.

3. Election Commissions at national, provincial, and district

levels to be responsible for providing voter education,
fostering political consciousness and ideology, and
promoting people’s association

With regard to the design of state power structure, a research
found that there were limitations in the traditional state administration

structure which obstructed efficiency and effectiveness of the operation
of officials. The traditional structure was also not adaptive to the changes

due to a large number of inflexible laws and regulations. Separations of
officials into different specialty-based divisions caused delayed decisions