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First, the Philippine Constitution is quite explicit in its
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support for the exercise of professions by Filipinos. Section 12
of Article XII (on the National Economy and Patrimony) reads:

“The State shall promote the preferential use

of Filipino labor, domestic materials and locally
produced goods, and adopt measures that help

make them competitive”.

Additionally, Section 14 of the same Article reinforces
the foregoing with the following:

“The sustained development of a reservoir of
national talents consisting of Filipino scientists,

entrepreneurs, professionals, managers, high-
level technical manpower and skilled workers and

craftsmen in all fields shall be promoted by the
State...

“The practice of all professions in the Philippines

shall be limited to Filipino citizens, save in cases
prescribed by law.” (underscoring supplied)

Secondly, th Labor Code of the Philippines is also
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15 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines.
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1974 Labor Code of the Philippines.

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