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of the United States of America. Recently, it brings out to date to
the century the progenitor of the universal declaration of human
rights, Eleanor Roosevelt, described the declaration as the Magna
Carta for all humanity.

That is sort of a snap shot, a very common view to pertain.
But, if you’d permit me, I’d just pour a little bit look at the history
in a bit more details. So I think, actually, this is not the document
just emerged. It’s something preformed that is universally
welcome. It was, in fact, anything about that and the plot out
with lots of disagreement and development. And, I think, it
shows just how messy and difficult the democracy and statehood
frankly can be. But it also, I hope, where it has led us is very
important. It is how to go through that process and how valuable
the principles that laid down eight hundred years ago remain
today.

So Magna Carta itself is not one document, in fact, but four.
The first Great Charter was sealed in 1215. The next charter was
sealed by the Regent, William Marshal, the person who stood the
authority of the young King who followed King John, and that
document was sealed in 1216. We had the third document in
1217. And we had the fourth document in 1225 which was sealed
by King Henry III, noting that was in return for him to the grant
of raising taxes. So four documents, in fact, not one.

The Great Charter itself was sealed in 1215, and it was
created, in fact, at the start of the civil war and in the attempt to
prevent it and for the King to protect his position. It was, at the
time, when the pope in Europe had a huge control over the
kingdoms there. He and King John had not gone on particularly
well. He excommunicated King John. And, then, he threatened
to support a French invasion at the time. King John finally
submitted to the authority of the Pope in 1213. What does that
mean when the Pope had the power to raise taxes. As were many
things, it all came back to money and particular interest.

So the pope had the power to raise taxes, and he did so, to
the great consternation of many landowners in the UK. Fast
forward, then, another year, King John took many battles and

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