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3. How to respond to change and promote societal security in a
democratic governance system

4. The dynamics of societal security

Group Discussion 4: Democracy and Environmental Security

Global environmental changes have left countries around the world
facing increasing uncertainty. Environmental security issues confronting the world
are complex and involve managing volatility and the diverse needs of many people.
Environmental challenges include climate change mitigation and adaptation,
protecting the oceans from poisonous waste, pollution, and acidification, energy
transition and renewables, food security, protecting ecosystems and biodiversity,
and sustainable urban development and mobility. There are also challenges in
regard to the management of waste and pollution, which can cause and aggravate
health problems. According to the Institute of Economics and Peace, environmental
instability also includes ecological threats, food risks, rapid population growth risks,
disaster risks, water resource risks, and temperature fluctuations.

The environmental conditions facing the world require that states find
common solutions, like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), through
cooperative forums. For example, the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (COP26) led to an international agreement to prevent the increase
in average global temperature from exceeding 2 degrees Celsius. Many countries
have adopted the agreement and are implementing environmental policies and laws
to deal with climate change. In particular, democratic countries must take into
account the fair allocation of the environment and participation. However,
environmental issues have posed challenges to democratic processes,, raising the
question of whether existing democratic mechanisms give people opportunities,
rights/freedoms/justice, peace, and a sustainable environment.

Topics

1. Environmental issues that affect security and challenge democratic
processes

2. Means of creating and implementing environmental policies and
laws while exercising rights and freedoms

3. Democratic process as environmental problem solver