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Sorry I didn’t ask you to introduce yourself. Could you introduce yourself a
little bit?
Oh yes, I am Johari Kontawi, professor in law, Faculty of Law, the Islamic
University of Indonesia. My expert, International Law, Legal Anthropology.
Thank you very much.
So, I think the comments and the question addressed to Dr. Norbert and you.
So, then you have something to reply?
Yes, sure. I’m very grateful that you raised this issue of economy on peace.
We have already its connection and so far as an institute for economy and peace
which has created this concept and elaborate more in detail of negative and positive
peace was created by a businessman because he was so much convinced of the fact
that the development in our current world is particularly prevented because of
economic reasons. And therefore, I really like that you make us aware of this. I’d like
to add to that in the academic literature about the main drivers of conflict. There is
more or less a common understanding now that economic inequalities are the main
single driver for violent conflicts.
On the other hand, it’s interesting that these conflicts then have the impact that
development is again negatively affected from that. In the recent report of the World
Bank and of the UN Pathways to Peace, they came to the conclusion that one of the
main burdens for the further development of the world are these conflicts. And
therefore, it is very important to look at how they’re connected with each other.
By the way, mentioning that, one should not understand and misunderstand that only
as poverty. Also the opposite can also create conflict in the case of Catalonia.
We have a province which would like to separate from Spain, not because they are
so poor, but because they are so rich. So, it can work both ways.
Ok, thank you very much Professor Johari. I’m also glad that you raised that,
in that relation. I think this is not exclusive to Indonesia that the cause of conflict
can be related to economy, can be related to political ideology. It can be related to
social stratification, related to economy, and also to religion. They can be independent,
but in most cases they are interrelated. Economic disparity can be exploited into
political ideology or religion. So, I believe. I agree with Prof. Johari that in that
relation. It also related to Dr. Norbertl’s idea of the inclusion of the stakeholders to
create the real peace. And in relation to the case in Indonesia, Dr. Chantana
mentioned earlier about tolerance. In Indonesia what we practice mostly is not, or
I would like to characterize that as the lazy tolerance. You live together. You tolerate
your neighbor as long as you like them, especially the minority don’t make any move
or create something that is insulting. But once the minority insults the majority, then ª£¸²£ª±¡¡²¥¸h¡¢h¢µÈ
the toleration or the principle of tolerance is cancelled. Of course that’s not real
