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Director, Department of Public Policy and Management,
University of Gadjah Mada, Republic of Indonesia
Ok, thank you very much, sir. There are some issues that we have faced from
our experience in conducting decentralization.
First, question about whether we have to follow symmetric or asymmetric
decentralization? This is a very important question. Because at the moment, the
central government just, like, treat all the local governments the same. For example,
various local governments with different numbers of population, with number of
resources, and also size, but the central government provides the same structure at
the local government. Number of local agencies, number of burden, number of
functional, assignments, and so on, and so on. So, consider that everything is the
same, and then it’s very difficult for poor regions with the very limited resources.
But it’s too much money for a big region with a lot of money. And this creates sort
of inequality between one region to another.
The second problem is that although we have evolved most of the fashion from
the central government to the local government, but there are still too many
regulations made by the central government. For example, until now, there are still
conflicts between the sectoral laws and the local government laws. When we are
talking about local government, then, often there we still have laws on education,
laws on health, and so on, and so on. And they are not in line. So, whether we have
to comply with the local government law, or we have to comply with the sectoral
laws. And it creates conflicting issues and it becomes very difficult for local
government on the way they’re conducting some policies.
When we are talking education, then what should we follow? Local government
laws, or the laws on education? Which are totally different sometimes. And this our
job how to make it in line.
The other issue is that the central government already gives fiscal
decentralization, but the proportion of the central budget is still 70%, but the burden
is now at the local level. What should we do? We return the assignment to the
central government? Or the central government should provide more money to the
local government? It must be balance, otherwise…
Ok, district government, we have a lot of autonomy. We have a lot of burden,
but we cannot do anything with very limited resources, with very limited financial
ª£¸²£ª±¡¡²¥¸h¡¢h¢µÈ education, low health services, standing issues, and so on, and so on. But then who
support. For example, we have problems in Aceh, Java. We have problems with low
will be responsible for these issues, whether this is the responsibility of the central
government, or the responsibility of local government? For the people, they don’t
care. They know just, this belongs to the government. But they don’t care about
whether they are central government, provincial government, or district government.
