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“√“πÿ°√¡°“√ª°§√Õß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ‰∑¬

ª°§√Õßµπ‡ÕߢÕß™ÿ¡™π·≈–¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§¿“¬„µâÕ∏‘ª‰µ¬¢Õß™“µ‘Àπ÷Ëß Ê √à«¡°—πé

æ‘®“√≥“„π·ßàπ’È®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ °“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“®®÷߇ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕß ç ¿“«–é
∫“ßÕ¬à“߇æ◊ËÕ„™âÕ∏‘∫“¬∂÷ß≈—°…≥–¢Õß°“√°√–®“¬µ—«/®—¥ √√/·∫àߪíπÕ”π“®
√—∞„π∑“ß∑’ËÀ¡“¬∂÷ßÕ”π“®„π°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®„π°“√¥”‡π‘π°‘®°√√¡ “∏“√≥– ¥—ßπ—Èπ
°“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“®®÷ß¡’≈—°…≥–¥—ß∑’Ë Samuel Humes IV (1991: 3) ‡ πÕ«à“

¡—π§«√®–‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕß ç°“√®—¥ √√·∫àߪíπÕ”π“®é (distribution of power)
°≈à“«§◊Õ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡√“查∂÷ß°“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“®¿“¬„µâ∫√‘∫∑¢Õß°“√∫√‘À“√ª°§√Õß
„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ (local governance) ¡—π§«√®–‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߢÕß ç®—¥ √√

À√◊Õ·∫àߪíπÕ”π“®é (distribution) ¡‘„™à°“√ ç·∫àß·¬°Õ”π“®é (division) °≈à“«
§◊Õ ·¡â§”«à“ ç·∫àß·¬°Õ”π“®é ®–¡’°“√𔉪„™âÕ∏‘∫“¬·π«§‘¥„π‡√◊ËÕß°“√
°√–®“¬µ—«¢ÕßÕ”π“®∑“ß°“√∫√‘À“√ª°§√Õ߉ª Ÿà∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ°Áµ“¡ ·µà‚¥¬
≈—°…≥–∑“ߪ√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å·≈⫧”¥—ß°≈à“«¡—°®–𔉪 Ÿà§«“¡ —∫ πÀ√◊Õª–ªπ
°—∫°“√„™â„π·π«§‘¥‡√◊ËÕß √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠°—∫°“√·∫àß·¬°Õ”π“® (constitutional

division of power between nation and state) ¢≥–∑’˧”«à“ ç®—¥ √√/·∫àߪíπ
Õ”π“®é ¥Ÿ®–¡’§«“¡ Õ¥√—∫·≈–Õ¬Ÿà„π¢Õ∫«ß¢Õß·π«§‘¥µà“ßÊ „π‡√◊ËÕß°“√
°√–®“¬Õ”π“®®“° à«π°≈“߉ª Ÿà∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ¡“°°«à“ ¥—߇™àπ·π«§‘¥„π‡√◊ËÕß (de)

centralization, (de) concentration, devolution ·≈– delegation
®“°°√Õ∫‡™àππ’È ®÷ßÕ“® √ÿª‰¥â«à“ °“√°√–®“¬Õ”𓮄𧫓¡À¡“¬°«â“ßÊ
°Á§◊Õ °“√®—¥ √√À√◊Õ·∫àߪíπÕ”π“®°“√µ—¥ ‘π„® (À√◊Õ„π¿“…“°ÆÀ¡“¬¢Õß

‰∑¬‡√’¬°«à“ °“√«‘π‘®©—¬ —Ëß°“√) Õ—π‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß°—∫°‘®°“√ “∏“√≥– (public affairs)
¢Õß√—∞ à«π°≈“߉ª¬—ßÀπ૬ߓπÀ√◊ÕÕߧå°√Õ◊ËπÊ

(1) √Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß°“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“®
®“°∑’Ë𔇠πÕ¡“ ·¡â«à“®–≈¥§«“¡ —∫ π„𧫓¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√
°√–®“¬Õ”𓮉¥â∫â“ß °√–π—Èπ°Á¥’ ¬—ߧߡ’ªí≠À“µàÕ‰ª«à“ ¢Õ∫¢à“¬¢Õß·π«§‘¥

‡√◊ËÕß°“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“®π’ȧ√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡¡‘µ‘„¥∫â“ß ·≈–°“√ ç°√–®“¬é ∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷ßπ’È