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often brings new technology and new management skills

that can help improve the industrial and economic structure
(FUKUNAGA, 2015).

According to the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

Blueprint, one of the pillars is a single market and production
base, which depends on a variety of free-flow policy issues

including free flow of skilled labour. In other words, this blueprint
attempts to transform ASEAN into a region with free mobility of
skilled labour. Therefore, the Mutual Recognition Arrangements

(MRAs) have been adopted to facilitate the freer movement
and employment of qualified and certified personnel between

ASEAN member countries. Nowadays, there have been MRAs
on eight professions: medical doctors, dental practitioners,
nurses, architects, engineers, accountants, surveyors, and

tourism professionals. As can be seen, most of the ASEAN
MRAs deal with licensed professionals – physicians, dentists,

engineers, accountants, nurses and architects – so to facilitate
implementation of MRAs, the ASEAN Qualification Reference
Framework (AQRF) was initiated for harmonizing qualifications.

Furthermore, regional implementing offices and bodies are
established to promote the skilled-labor flow, for example,

the ASEAN Architect Council, the ASEAN Chartered Professional
Accountants Coordinating Committee, ASEAN Joint Coordinating
Committee on Dental Practitioners, etc.

Policy Forum 7

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