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The Collection of User Charges by local governments in other countries

= Conditions and Terms for Collection of the User Charges by local

governments in other countries

User Charges is a major source of revenues for local governments in many countries.
Local governments in many countries have tried to develop User Charges consistently, which
is evident in the steadily rising fees. For example, in 2000 the municipalities in Canada had

revenues from User Charges up to 21.3 %, a 12 % increase from 1990. In 2001, the
municipalities in the United States had revenues from User Charges up to 41.9 %, a 40.8 %
increase from 1991. The increase of User Charges was mainly caused by the decrease of
government subsidies to the local government. The increase of the property tax rates tends to

affect the political votes, but the development of the User Charges does not. Most people are
willing to pay User Charges rather than a tax.

= Types of Public Services provided by local governments in other countries
and User Charges of public services

Local governments in the United States, Canada and Czech Republic possess a
larger scope of authority than Thai local administrative organizations. Local governments of
these foreign countries have to provide different public services from those of Thailand such as

electricity, water energy, gas for heaters, swimming lessons, tennis lessons, skateboarding
lessons, summer camps, spa service, public space rental for product sale/ movie shoot/
street show/ sport game/ cultural exhibit, ambulance service, medical care, mental health

care, and public transportation

= Rates of User Charges for the Public Services in other countries:

Although the primary purpose of User Charges in the United States is to develop local
revenues, local governments maintain fair and equal access to public services for all citizens
by dividing User Charges into 3 types.

Type I: User Charges equal to the cost of providing the service

Type II: User Charges equal to the cost of providing the service for certain groups of

citizens, but lower than that for another group of citizens such as the elders, children,
and non-profits

Type III: User Charges lower than the cost of providing the service.

Moreover, each type of User Charges may vary according to times, users, and

demands.