Page 11 - kpi6282

2

°“√§≈—ß∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ

°«à“π—°°“√‡¡◊ÕßÀ√◊Õ¢â“√“™°“√¢Õß√—∞∫“≈°≈“ß „π∑’Ë ÿ¥°“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“®
∑“ß°“√§≈—ß®– àߺ≈„Àâ°“√º≈‘µ ‘π§â“·≈–∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥–¢Õß√—∞∫“≈∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ

®–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß°«à“·≈– àߺ≈„Àâ «— ¥‘°“√ —ߧ¡‚¥¬√«¡¥’¢÷Èπ
°“√∑’ËÕߧå°√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ¡’Õ‘ √–„π°“√®—¥À“ ‘π§â“·≈–∫√‘°“√
“∏“√≥– ¡’¢âÕ π—∫ πÿπ∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’‡»√…∞»“ µ√åÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ Õߪ√–°“√

2
ª√–°“√·√° Charles M. Tiebout ‡ πÕ«à“°“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“® Ÿà
√—∞∫“≈∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ‚¥¬„Àâ¡’Õ‘ √–„π°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®„π°“√‡≈◊Õ°„™âπ‚¬∫“¬°“√§≈—ß §◊Õ

“¡“√∂‡≈◊Õ°π‚¬∫“¬√“¬‰¥â·≈–π‚¬∫“¬°“√„™â®à“¬√Ÿª·∫∫µà“ßÊ „π°“√º≈‘µ
‘π§â“·≈–∫√‘°“√ “∏“√≥–¿“¬„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ„π√–¥—∫∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π ®– àߺ≈„Àâ
ª√–™“°√ “¡“√∂‡≈◊Õ°∂‘Ëπ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡°—∫§«“¡æÕ„® à«π∫ÿ§§≈ ·≈–
ª√–™“°√®–‡§≈◊ËÕπ¬â“¬‰ª∑’Ë∑âÕß∂‘Ëππ—ÈπÊ ‡√’¬°À≈—°°“√π’È«à“ À≈—° çVote on their

feeté ∑—Èßπ’Ȫ√–™“°√ “¡“√∂‚¬°¬â“¬∂‘Ëπ∞“π‰¥âÕ¬à“߇ √’‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕ߇º™‘≠°—∫
µâπ∑ÿπ°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ¬â“¬ (No Transaction Cost) ∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ

ª√–°“√∑’Ë Õß Wallace E. Oates ‡ πÕ∑ƒ…Æ’∫∑°“√°√–®“¬Õ”π“® (The
Decentralization Theory) ∑ƒ…Æ’∫∑π’ȇ πÕ«à“°“√º≈‘µ ‘π§â“·≈–∫√‘°“√
“∏“√≥–¢Õß√—∞∫“≈°≈“ß ®–¡’≈—°…≥–∑’˪√‘¡“≥·≈–√–¥—∫√“§“§ß∑’Ë∑—Èߪ√–‡∑»
´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕµâÕ߇º™‘≠°—∫ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§∑’Ë¡’§«“¡™Õ∫ (Preference) ·µ°µà“ß°—π àߺ≈„Àâ
¡’√–¥—∫Õÿª ߧåµàÕ ‘π§â“ “∏“√≥–·µ°µà“ß°—π ®–¡’°≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˇ°‘¥Õÿª ߧå à«π‡°‘π

·≈–Õ’°°≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ë߇°‘¥Õÿª∑“π à«π‡°‘π ´÷Ëß°àÕ„À⇰‘¥º≈‡ ’¬µàÕ —ߧ¡‚¥¬√«¡
(Deadweight Loss) ¥—ßπ—Èπ∂â“°√–®“¬Õ”π“®„Àâ√—∞∫“≈∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ “¡“√∂®—¥ √√
‘π§â“·≈–∫√‘°“√„πª√‘¡“≥·≈–√–¥—∫√“§“·µ°µà“ß°—π„π·µà≈–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë ‡æ◊ËÕ‰¡à„Àâ

¡’Õÿª ߧå·≈–Õÿª∑“π à«π‡°‘π‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ °“√®—¥ √√∑√—欓°√¢Õß —ߧ¡®–¡’
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥ (Pareto-efficient level of output)

2
Charles M. Tiebout . A pure theory of local expenditures. Journal of Political Economy 64:
1956, p. 416-424.