Page 66 - kpi377
P. 66

..
                  fhVl '\..l~ ,]1'\..l1'\..lr-l n3-1 Ad  n. n.  ,r'\..lvhl'1l1-H''I1dd An ld t~ ("hlvlu \1Shl tI\i 1 til'll \1 md t~ th'l.rr'\..l~ ld:; ~u'VIil \1
                                                             ..
                  'I1ddAnldt~u\1~~;i1'\..l:;mdt;''\..ll3-l~  iiu3-ltlln~Iil:;£lthu~ 1~ '\..lunlillnd  3-Ill?1dmd~\1mh1drJ\lvh 1-H'
                                 ~
                                                                              ..
                  ~mdl 'IN 1 f.J t;''\..luiil\113-l~ud:;~l'lijllltfl '\..lt~u'l1ddAmdt~u\l'IJ'\..ll~t~n'mU\lAU l-H1 'if,hv 1 '\..It 'lJl?1nld
                  t~un~\I~I?1'\..ll3-lu~l '\..l3il'\..l:;~Iil:; tL 'I.i\l'\J'\..ll~

                            uiil\11dnl?1l3-1 uA~Lrltl1nU'IJ'\..l1~'lJu\l'l1ddflnldL~u\1rJ\lfl\lUdln!lu~1'\..lf!Ddd3-l\iqJQUUU

                 2540  uiil\1ii£ltJ  2  ud:;nld

                            l.l'J::nTiu ''in   nldft~du'\..l'VIiil~l '\..l~h'\..lil~ U 'M'lI~'lJu \ltfddfl nldL~ u \I'IJ'\..ll ~ b~ n
                 'I1ddflmdt~u\l~~  n. n.  iiutln1l  20  fl'\..l13-lnl3-1ld[Hn'\..lun£]'VI3-I1V l'\..lnlll~LLl'l'\..ldl1j!Jd  1 '\..lb~v

                 ~3iDdd3-l\i'M~Ul'lu'M'lI~1lmd\h tn'\..lvn!J'VI3-I1V~v nl1lvlr)\J L tJ'\..l3-l~'lJv\l'l1ddfl  Ltrt:;vlu\l~  (f. n. A \1 n ~
                 'I1ddflL~tl1n'\..lrt\l'\..l13-1~Udu\luiil\1iiuti  20  fl'\..l  (3-Ill?ldl  169  1ddfl  2)  Ul'lu'MqJ~~\lmh1dl'1l1 ~


                 'I1ddflmdt~u\l'IJ'\..ll~t~n 13-l(f13-1ld"n~1\1r-1rt\ll'\..l1 '\..lf3inl1l  Urt:; tflV L U1VU'I1ddflmdL~u\1'IJ'\..l1~ 1 'VI c1J
                 1 '\..In 1 d'Vi 1 LflV\1 t~vn~\11 '\..lUd:;nldfflA'M  Ul'lU'MqJ~t 'Ii'\..ld~r-Irt 1 '\..lnld'\J~'lJ11\1mdri u tn~'\..lll?1n'n3-1

                 ~l'\..lil~uqJ'lI~  '\..lunlillndmdft~du'\..l'VIiil~1'\..l~1'\..lil~u'M'lI~rJ\I~r-Irtm:;l'lu~uud:;'I1b]~md3-l'IJu\1
                 (f.n. Bn~1t1 L 'I1dl:;Vi1 1-H'  (f .(f.~tJd:;'I1b]~md3-lL ;jV\lL U'\..llillnnldl'11'V1iil~il~u'MqJ~


                           V"'i::nn#fltJI1  ~3iDdd3-l\i'MQUUU 2540 ril'V1'\..l~l-H1'ifd:;uunldL~un~\1uuu'I1'1ilV3-1 (Plu-
                 ral  System)  t..I(f3-lr-l(fl'\..lnUd:;uu~Ul'l'\..lm3-lA~rh'\..l  (Proportional  Representation)  '!'\..ld:;UU

                 'I1'V1ilv3-I  ~(f~fld~l~~u fl:;Lt '\..lm flV \1 t~un~\I(f\1(f~Iil:; l~~u L~un~\1 L tJ'\..l~U l'l'\..ldl1jn d  hh 1
                   q       'lJ                            'lJ   q                 1\.1     ~
                 fl:;LL '\..l'\..lL~tI\1~l~~Ut tJ'\..lL~tI\I'l'il\13-1ln'VI1u l~nm3-1   l'\..l'IJru:;~d:;UUt~V\I'l'il\13-1ln  (Majority Sys-
                 tem) ~~1il:;1~fuL~un~\lLtJ'\..l~LLl'l'\..ldll-tndvlu\11~fULflU\l'l'il\l3-lln (3-Ilnn1l 50% 'lJu\l~'ifAl'l~b~vn~\1)
                      'If                ClJ      ~                                     'U
                 'VI 1 n 1~~ ~n~fldfl'\..ll~ l~fu b~tI\l'l'il\13-11nnlil:;~nrt 1 n bLrt:;m:;U1'\..lnldA~~ (f~flllil'\..ln1llild~~'IJ'\..l~
                         ..                                                    ..                'U

                 ril'V1'\..l~ l-H'~m.jl1Jn(fl1l~tb l'l'\..ldll-t!Jd 500 A'\..l l~m tJ'\..l(f3-ll1Jn~3-Illillnn1db~vn~\I U uu bb U\I b 'lJ1?1 b~ vn~\1

                 400  A'\..l  Urt:;U UUU'Y'ihlt1~v  (Party  List)  100  fl'\..l  (3-Ill?ldl  98)  ~\ld~UU'I1'1ilV3-IUrt~1~UU

                 t~V\I'l'il\l3-lln L~uGrt'l1ddflmlb~u\l'IJ'\..ll~ 1 'VIc1J3-Ilnn11'11ddfl'IJ'\..l1~ t~n  t tfdl~l'1l1 ~'I1dlAnl'H~v \I

                 'IJ'\..l1~l'V1'1i~~tbl'l'\..llll-t!Jdtn'\..ln11A~~1'\..lA~tt'\..l'\..lt~v\l~1~~u [Duverger, 1954; Rae,  1971 ; Lijphart,
                 1990]  md~~Ul'l'\..ldll-t!Jdbn'\..ln11A~~1'\..le)'\..lli\ll~  (over  representation)  ~\lmh1d  rJ\lr-Irt
                 1~,]1'\..l1'\..l'l1ddAnldb~u\l~~(f3-ll1Jn 1'\..l~!nl1l~iiuvn11v1Ald  (Lijphart,  1984  :  160)  l~UUU'M'li

                 dl V~U'li1 V rt ~l'l v'\..ln ld~~ tb l'l'\..llll-t!Jd bn'\..lA~ ~l'\..le)'\..lli \11~'IJ u\l'l11dAn ld t~ u\l'IJ'\..ll ~ 1 'VI c1Jl ~

                 f!Ddd3-l\i'MQUUU  2540 ril'V1'\..l~l-H'll'IJulrul~mll'lmtJ'\..lt'IJVln1dt~vn~\1UUUU'M'lidlV~u (3-IlI?111
                 99)  ;1\1t~uGrt l-H''I1ddAnldb~v\1~n3-ll1Jnf!nl1lm3-1 A~~l'\..lA~U '\..l'\..lL~V\I~lUd~ b l'lFi  bb~nl1v1
                                        •                    v              •
                 (f3-ll1Jnnl1l~UVI'\..ldl1j!J1Vi3-lllillnl~UUmdL~un~\lUUUUqJ1illv{iv~bliV\l  20%  'lJu\l,]l'\..ll'\..l
                 n3-ll1Jn(fl1l~Ul'lW1  ~\I'VI3-I~  (100  1'\..l,]1'\..l1'\..l~\I'VI3-I~  500  A'\..l)  nl1rt~l'lu'\..lA113-11~bU1VU'lJv\l
                           ..
                 'I1ddAmdL~v \1'IJ'\..l1~ 1 'VI'1i~\I~13-l3-llmrn  ~mll.jhf3iDdd3-l\i'MQUUU  2540  rJ\I bLn~\luA~Lrlv1nu


                 'IJ'\..ll~'lJu\l'l1ddflmlb~u\l  ~1vnldril'V1'\..l~11  'I111An1db~u\lv11~fuA:;LL'\..l'\..lL~U\liiuvn11  5%  'lJu\l
   61   62   63   64   65   66   67   68   69   70   71