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204 ENHANCING ELECTIONS AS INSTRUMENTS OF DEMOCRACY IN THE ASEAN REGION

POLITICAL PARTIES AND CANDIDATES

7 Campaign Resources – Leveling
the Playing Field
FACILITATING FACTORS

• Increased community-generated
opportunities for educating voters,
communicating political party

platforms, meeting political candidates
• Reduction of costs of candidacy
• Public sharing of electoral campaign
expenses
• Free media for electoral campaign

A more streamlined generic set of performance indicators were
conceptualized along three domains – MACRO, MESO, MICRO – which

expands the current assessment models for IECs:

• Macro Domain: Assessment of the overall political context
within which the IEC and the electoral system is embedded;

achievement of targeted outcomes shared is responsibility
among different political actors.

• Meso Domain: Assessment of the electoral system overseen
by the IEC; achievement of targeted outcomes is the primary

but not exclusive responsibility of IEC, which may involve
other key state agencies and citizen groups.

• Micro Domain: Assessment of the current voting system
managed exclusively by the IEC. The performance dimensions

presented are for an automated election system, which is
now being implemented by the COMELEC in the Philippines

and is a long-term goal for the ECT in Thailand.