Page 64 - 10941_Fulltext

" , ,
Ltlfht!lJ ~~m'Wfll'VHUlJ "LVlP\Ul~lJM~LP\'l!t (Designated Cities)" ~-lL~'elLVli31U1~lJfilnLt.i-ll~
1MuflmlJfll~~-lmh) "'l::~11lXLVli31U1~Ltl~IJlJ~~llJl"'lmJl~~n11-l'll'Jl-lLYhL~EJlJnU~-lWr~

, "
.
~~EJ~llJl"'l'VItJl% tl~lt!lJ~'JlJ 1tln-l-lllJ~llJfltjfl~n1~~-l fillJ n1~'Jl-l iJ-l L~'el-l L UlJUllJ 41 LW:i"'l"'lUlJ
. .
" ,
Ltl~lt!lJ (L1m(i11lJ~I~UtJ fil .i31. ~1MuflClllJm~) l~LLri Kobe (1956) Kyoto (1956) Nagoya
(1956) Osaka (1956) Yokohama (1956) Kitakyushu (1963) Fukuoka (1972) Kawasaki

(1972) Sapporo (1972) Hiroshima (1980) Sendai (1989) Chiba (1992) Saitama (2003)

Shizuoka (2005) Sakai (2006) Niigata (2007) Hamamatsu (2007) Okayama (2009) 42

U1m~-lllJ'lI'el--3~-ltltj~ n~I'J~'el LUlJnl~u1tll~-lllJ~tlLLUU'll'el-l "~fllLL~:;~IEJU1tll~ (Council -
'lJ
I~ ~ I
Mayor Form)" ~~EJ~;1-l~IEJflfllLL~::~IEJu1tll~lJl"'ll n nln~'eln~-l ~~tJ(;]N'lI'el-ltl~::'lIl'l1lJ ~-l
.
"
~filNflh:lnl~u1tll~-lllJ'lI'el-lLVli31U1~m"'ln~I'J1m~EJZ1nJ~-ltl~'el

1-
~1~'1!'lI'el-l'iM1LVli31U1~t!lJ "'l:;fil~IEJfil~-lnUUVlU1Vl'll'el-lZ1fll~-ltltj~ n~I'J~'el ~~llJl"'lllJn1~H
rl'lllJ L~lJ'lI'elU (;]'elil-l n!)tllJltJtl~m:;dJEJu hNU'lh:;lJl ru1.h:;~ltJ'lI'el-l LVl PlUl~ Wel n"'ll nJlJ U-l

~~llJl"'lllJnl~(;]~'J"'lZ1'elULL~::fil'JU ~lJ ~IEJu1'V11~ llJn1~tl~U~-lllJ t~EJ~~llJl"'l~'i)-l'll'ell,x ~ltJ

U1tll~~ w;i lntJ-lllJ LL~::~ LL "'l-lllJtl~:; L~lJn1~u1tll~~ LUlJ~Z1-l~tJ LL~:; Lfil~'elULLfil~-l LlJn!)tllJlEJ
."
l~riltllJ~ llXc4~"'l:;fl~MfuL~'eln~--3LUlJZ1lJl~ nZ1m LVI P\U1~ 1~t!lJ "'l :;Ul'tl-lLUlJ~~ L~'el-l'llI'J ruUlJ~
I
I
"
'lJ ~ ,
~tl1tJhJ ~1 n~1 25 tJtJ1u~ru LL~:;Ul'tl-l hiLulJ~lJl~ nZ1fllVl'tl-l ~lJ~lJ Z1lJ1~nf~~m ·ih n'l!nl~
• 'lJ ~
tl~:;r.h ~')lJ n~ n1 ~L1JlJ~~'i'l'JlJ 1~L~tJ 'tll~ L'lIlJ nlnulJfi~ rurul nu'tl-l rfmtl nfil~'tl-l'i'l'llJVl'tl-l ~lJ
'lI IIJ "Q,I

41 Alan Norton , International Handbook of Local and Regional Government: A Comparative Analysis
of Advanced Democracies (Aldershot Edward Elgar, 1994), p. 464.
42 "City designated by government ordinance", available at

http://en.wikipedia.org/wikilCity _designated_by _Qovernmencordinance_ %28Japan%29 [accessed
on 22 August 2009]