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missing, then it does not matter what fine words are written into a constitution.
Legal form matters. The UK improved its legal form, but the UK, broadly
speaking, has a way of favorable social and cultural context in which to foster
democracy. My tackle message is that it is the underlying cultural and social
factors that are determinants of whether a democracy flourishes or not. Ladies
and gentlemen, thank you very much.
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That was a very short and conclusive version of the UK constitution and
democracy within roughly 15, 20 minutes, and that’s very fruitful you’ve guided
us through all the challenges and success and desperate as well as many other
aspects of the United Kingdom constitution as well as democracy. We’ve
learned that in the UK, you have the hybrid democracy which is a very unique
system. However, that system might be shared also in other countries around
the world, in which there is a concept, a strong concept of the Crown and in
that strong concept of the Crown, there is what we call the constitutional
monarchy as a system and within that system, many people might understand
that the Queen in England is only the symbol of the country. However,
Professor Payne has pointed out clearly that the Queen is actual Head of State
and there are real powers in the Queen vested in her. Though it might be a
mixture of the medieval monarchy in a modern democracy, however, the
ultimate prerogative is still vested in the Queen-in-Parliament. That is a tri-party
system and not only unique to the United Kingdom. However, there are some
criteria that is joining uniqueness not only the UK, however, around the world.
A very fine line is that corruption is a very great threat to democracy.
However, in the UK, there is one branch that is, to Professor Payne’s word, un-
bribable which is the judiciary. So, in any country, if the judiciary is bribable,
that is also the very problem of democracy. The United Kingdom, as well as
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many other countries, has challenges. However, as Professor Payne pointed out,
success is also there.
Let’s shift from the UK now to a country closer to us, which is Bhutan,
and see democracy in Bhutan and the success in the first decade and we’ll see
that young is not inexperience. However, fresh and enthusiastic.
