Page 37 - 10941_Fulltext
P. 37

n 1 ~~LL t.l') ~Vl L~'i)\l ntm ~~~ ltJ~lt.ll~ij Y'I ~ l' (;1 ~'i)~I\l vl!l L ti!l\l ~\l~1~ n~I,)~1;11~


              ~\le.J~ vl!l fI,)I~VI~ltJ LL~~nhL UU"ll!l\l nlm~~~ltJ'fllt.ll~~L iJ~tJt.lLLiJ~\lliJ~,)tJ ~\l~~L~t.ll~~1 n
                                   '"
              n1~l,x~I\lmWlJ!l\ln1~m~~ltJ'fllt.ll~L!?1tJ!l\lrln1~~VliJd~'llI'llI~ (The United Nations, UN) It.l
              tlflundJn 1~\lmw.hnlm~~91tl'fll'Wl~!l1~ijfl')I~VI~ltll~LY;tJ\l 2  utJ ilul~LLri3
              •   q



             1 ,xnuVI1.l')tI\llt.AVl1!l~'Jt.l di'll nt d'll'i)\l f~~oJ.nU"i\lIU!l~1 u~ t.l ~ LV! tJ 1 ~-nl di'll nt~Vl1!lvi''J LL VlU'l!!l\l
                                             ...   ';.J   '"
              f~~oJ.nu~\llu!l~l t.l~'Jt.ldi'll n1 dLVI~ I,rU ~1~ldblvi' !?1~U 1 ~ 1~flltJ1j;'f m!l'l.JULtJultJ~lh\.~UVl~U
              ...   OJ      '"
              LVltl~'Jun~l\l ~\lul\lflf\l n1md::::~ltJ'fllt.l191 UdoJLLuu;1 !l1~L~tJ n 1~11 dJt.ln1m~::::~ltl~IUl~
                                                      '"
              flltllud:;uUd1'lln1~ (bureaucratic decentralization)  LL~::::

                        n1:rr;j"w f'fJ1.rai'Wi"V  (devolution)  ;\ltumJ~\l n1J'~~It.ll~ lUn1~vi'Vl~ul~ l~funld


              ~ 1 tJ t'i) t.lloJ ~!l \l f1 n ~ oJ n fl~!l \l ~ 'J t.l VI!l 'l ~ t.l ~ L U t.l ~ ~ J'::::  L Vl tJ L U t.l n 1 J' L tI Vll!l n 1 ~ 1,x vi' 'J LL VI t.l'1l!l \l
                        '"

               ,                         ~                         ~
              L1!l\l vll\l11~ ~'Jtll'lt.lL!l'l  Ul'l fI f\l n1 J'n ~:;~ ltJ'fllUl~ ~oJ LLUUi1!l1~ L~tJ n 1~11 bUt.ln1m~~~ltJ

              ~1t.l191t.lVll'ln1J'd~!l'l (political decentralization)

                        !l~1 hn~ ['J1EJVI~\l~1 n~ LL t.l'J ~VlL~m flU n ldn~:;~ ltl~lt.ll~ l~fu~VI fiY'l~~1 n LL U'J ~11I


              b~1\lEJ~ 1 '\.-1a.J  (neoliberalism)  ~'J~ ~,mt.l'J A !?11'l~1!?1 L~1 (market  liberalization)  ~\l LLvll u'li,)'l
              VI Pi'J dd11  1980  b Ut.lj;'ft.l~1  nl~~'l e.J~ 1 ~fl'Jl~'\.-1mt.ILL~ ~doJLLUU'll!l'l n1~m~~ltl'iht.l19ij fI'Jl~
                                                             '"


              11 "n1J'm:;~ltJ'fllUI9 (decentralization)"  LL~'J,rU LUt.l~I~ijmll-1'\.-1l-11tJn11'lLL~:;!l19~~I\l

              ml~L-nl1~ ltn t.l'\.-1~ltlVll\l !l~I\lhn(;11~ L!?1tJ'\.-1~n 1 '\.-1 C1J  ~ :;'\.-1l-11tl ~\l m~u'J'Wn1m ~::::~ltl~lt.ll~

                                     "
                                        I
                                                                                           '"
                                                    I
                                                                                         I
              1 ,x'i)\l rl moJnflJ'!l\ll t.l J'::::~uY;t.lYlVl1!l L~I'\.-1~ 1 Yl"ll!l'lfjl 'W~::::~UJ'!l\l1 ~'lloJl ,xij'fllt.ll~~1 ntj\l~ql
               .
              2 VlLL't.nf1Vl1w~m~tru:::nL~l.JL~l.J1~w Anwar Shah with Sana Shah, "The New Vision of Local Governance
              and the  Evolving  Role of Loca l Governments" in Anwar Shah,  ed ..  Local  Governance  in  Developing
              Countries (Washington D.C. The World Bank. 2006). pp. 22-24 .

              :I  United Nations (1962) in Hubert J. B  Allen . Cultivating the  Grass R_Qots: Why Local  Government
              Matters (Bombay  IULA  1990), P  4.

              J  R.  A.  W  Rhodes et .a/.,  Decentralizing, th~C,lYiLSec",ke;  f rorn...unitary  state_t{Lofferentiated  polity in
              the  United  Kingdom (Buckingham  Open University Press,  2003), p. 4.


                                                                                            11
   32   33   34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42